有捨纔有得,保羅·海恩編著的《經濟學的思維方式(影印**2版)》通過淡化對嚴格建模的強調,得以帶來*多的思考、應用和真知灼見。但請彆誤會我們的意思,本書對於經濟學的探討既非輕易,也不像在酒中羼水一樣降格以求。**2版以紮實可靠的討論闡述瞭經濟學原理,並將其應用於我們身邊的日常世界,這些應用既富於探索性,又富有啓發性。甚至有些職業經濟學傢也告訴我們,他們通過閱讀本書對經濟學有瞭*加深刻的理解,而他們都已經拿到瞭博士學位。 本書旨在提高學生的技能,使他們能像經濟學傢一樣思考。一旦他們迷上瞭經濟學,在*高深的經濟學課程中會有充分的機會來鍛煉自己的建模能力。但願學生們都能在這個奇妙的學科中不懈追求,如若不能,至少也能保有基本的經濟學知識。
保羅·海恩編著的《經濟學的思維方式(影印**2版)》是風靡**的 一部另類的經典經濟學教科書。與主流經濟學教材不同,《經濟學的思維方 式(影印**2版)》迴避瞭繁復的公式、函數、運算,通過深入淺齣和饒有 趣味的圖畫,將日常生活中紛繁復雜、看似毫無關聯的一些社會現象,和一 套富有一緻性的思維框架結閤起來,展現齣一種“經濟學的想象力”。正如 道格拉斯?諾斯所說,經濟學的力量就在於它是一種思維方式,本書的目的 正是引導讀者學會經濟學推理方式,從而能夠像經濟學傢一樣思考問題。
《經濟學的思維方式》已經被翻譯成多種語言,享譽全世界,堪稱經濟 學教育領域的一部標尺性著作。自2008年**1版翻譯引進以來,在大專院校 和非專業讀者中都引起瞭相當的反響,榮獲瞭多項**圖書奬。作者在11版 的基礎上,對全書的結構和內容作瞭大量修訂,帶給讀者全新的認識。影印 **2版除瞭序言和前言采用中文,正文與英文原書**一緻,讓讀者充分體 驗閱讀原文的樂趣與收獲。
。。。
齣版前言
道格拉斯·C·諾斯序--經濟學教材的革命
林毅夫中文**2版序--經濟學的樣貌與靈魂
張維迎中文**1版序--為什麼沒有免費的午餐
梁小民中文**1版序--像經濟學傢一樣思考
Preface 前 言
1 The Economic Way of Thinking 經濟學的思維方式
Recognizing Order 認識秩序
The Importance of Social Cooperation 社會協作的重要性
How Does It Happen· 這一切是怎麼發生的?
An Apparatus of the Mind-the skill of the economist 智力工具--經濟學傢的技能
Cooperation through mutual adjustment 通過相互調整進行閤作
Rules of the game 遊戲規則
Property rights as rules of the game 産權作為遊戲規則
The biases of economic theory: a weakness or a strength·
經濟學理論的偏倚:缺點還是優點?
Biases or conclusions 偏倚還是結論?
No theory means poor theory 沒有理論就是糟糕的理論
Once over lightly 簡短迴顧
Questions for discussion 問題與討論
2 Efficiency, Exchange, and Comparative Advantage 效率、交換與比較優勢
Goods and Bads 好品和壞品
The Myth of Material Wealth 物質財富的誤區
Trade Creates Wealth 貿易創造財富
Is It Worth It· Efficiency and Values 值不值?效率與價值
Recognizing Trade-Offs: Comparing Opportunity Costs of Production
學會權衡:比較生産的機會成本
The Gains from Specialization and Exchange 從專業化和交換中獲益
Why Specialize· 為什麼要專業化?
From Individual Trade to International Trade, and Back Again
從人際貿易到**貿易,再到人際貿易
Transaction Costs 交易成本
Incentives to Reduce Transaction Costs: Middlemen 降低交易成本的激勵:中間人
Middlemen Create Information 中間人創造信息
Markets as Discovery Processes 市場作為發現過程
An Appendix: Economic Growth: Specialization, Exchange, and The Rule of Law
延伸閱讀: 經濟增長:專業化、交換和法治
Once Over Lightly 簡短迴顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
3 Substitutes Everywhere: The Concept of Demand 無處不在的替代:需求的概念
On the Notion of "Needs" 關於"需要"
Marginal Values 邊際價值
Everyday Choices Are Marginal Choices 日常選擇就是邊際選擇
The Demand Curve 需求麯綫
The Law of Demand 需求法則
Demand and Quantity Demanded 需求和需求量
Demand Itself Can Change 需求自身也會變
Everything Depends on Everything Else 任何事物都依賴於其他事物
Misperceptions Caused by Inflation 通貨膨脹導緻的錯覺
Time Is on Our Side 時間站在我們這一邊
Price Elasticity of Demand 需求的價格彈性
Thinking About Elasticity 對彈性的思考
Elasticity and Total Receipts 彈性與總收入
The Myth of Vertical Demand 垂直需求的誤區
All Scarce Goods Must Be Rationed Somehow 所有稀缺品都必須以某種方式分配
Is Money All That Matters· Money Costs, Other Costs, and Economic Calculation
隻有錢重要嗎?貨幣成本、其他成本和經濟計算
Once Over Lightly 簡短迴顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
4 Cost and Choice: The Concept of Supply 成本和選擇:供給的概念
Refresher on Opportunity Costs 對機會成本的復習
Costs Are Tied to Actions, Not Things 成本和行為而不是事物相關
What Do I Do Now· The Irrelevance of "Sunk Costs"
我現在該乾什麼?"沉沒成本"的無關性
Producers' Costs as Opportunity Costs 生産者的成本作為機會成本
Marginal Opportunity Costs 邊際機會成本
Costs and Supply 成本和供給
The Supply Curve 供給麯綫
Supply Itself Can Change 供給自身也會變
Marginal and Average Costs 邊際成本和平均成本
The Cost of a Volunteer Military Force 誌願兵役製度的成本
Price Elasticity of Supply 供給的價格彈性
Cost as Justification 用成本論證正當性
Once Over Lightly 簡短迴顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
5 Supply and Demand: A Process of Coordination 供給與需求:協調的過程
The Market Is a Process of Plan Coordination 市場是計劃協調的過程
The Basic Process 基本過程
Competition, Cooperation, and Market Clearing 競爭、閤作與市場齣清
Changing Market Conditions 變動的市場條件
Learning from Free-Market Prices 理解自由市場價格
Central Planning and the Knowledge Problem 中央計劃和知識問題
An Appendix: Coordination Problems: Transaction Costs
延伸閱讀:協調遇到的問題:交易成本
Once Over Lightly 簡短迴顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
6 Unintended Consequences: More Applications of Supply and Demand
無意的後果:供求規律的*多應用
Catastrophe and Confusion 自然災害時供求的迷思
Catastrophe and Coordination 自然災害時供求的協調
The Urge to Fix Prices 限價的衝動
Competition When Prices Are Fixed 價格固定時的競爭
Appropriate and Inappropriate Signals 恰當與不恰當的信號
Looking for an Apartment in the City· Read the Obituary!
想在城裏找公寓嗎?看訃告吧!
Strong Booze, Stronger Drugs: Criminal Incentives 烈酒、烈性**:犯罪的激勵
Skim Milk, Whole Milk, and Gangster Milkmen 脫脂牛奶、全脂牛奶和"牛奶匪幫"
Supports and Surpluses 價格下限與生産過剩
Supply, Demand, and the Minimum Wage 供給、需求和*低工資
Slavery Goes Global, Again 奴隸貿易再次**化
Do Costs Determine Prices· 成本決定價格嗎?
The Dropouts Release Their First CD "退齣者"發行瞭他們的**張唱片
"There's Gold in Them Thar Hills!" So What· "山裏有金子!"那又怎麼樣?
Even Butchers Don't Have the Guts 甚至連屠戶都沒這個膽子
Why Does It Cost So Much to Change Bedpans· 為什麼醫院裏換個便盆都這麼貴?
An Appendix: Framing Economic Questions Correctly 延伸閱讀:正確地錶述經濟問題
Once Over Lightly 簡短迴顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
7 Profit and Loss 利潤與虧損
Wage, Rent, and Interest: Incomes Established in Advance by Contract
工資、租金和利息:用閤同事先確定的收入
Profit: Income That Can Be Positive or Negative 利潤:可正可負的收入
Calculating Profit: What Should Be Included in Costs· 計算利潤:哪些應該計入成本?
Comparing Economic Profit and Accounting Profit 比較經濟利潤和會計利潤
Uncertainty: A Necessary Condition for Profit 不確定性:利潤的必要條件
The Entrepreneur 企業傢
The Entrepreneur as Residual Claimant 作為剩餘索取者的企業傢
Not-for-Profit Institutions 非營利機構
Entrepreneurship and the Market Process 企業傢纔能與市場過程
Mere Luck· 僅僅是運氣嗎?
Profit and Loss as Coordinating Signals: The Role of Monetary Calculation
利潤與虧損作為協調的信號:貨幣計量的作用
Beware of Experts 小心專傢
An Appendix: Profiteering in Futures Markets 延伸閱讀: 在期貨市場上賺取利潤
Once Over Lightly 簡短迴顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
8 Price Searching 覓 價
The Popular Theory of Price Setting 定價的流行理論
Introducing Ed Sike 艾德·賽剋登場
The Basic Rule for Maximizing Net Revenue 淨收益*大化的基本法則
The Concept of Marginal Revenue 邊際收益的概念
Why Marginal Revenue Is Less Than Price 為什麼邊際收益會低於價格?
Setting Marginal Revenue to Equal Marginal Cost 讓邊際收益等於邊際成本
What About Those Empty Seats· 那些空座位呢?
The Price Discriminator's Dilemma 差彆定價者的睏境
The College as Price Searcher 學校作為覓價者
Some Strategies for Price Discrimination 一些差彆定價策略
Ed Sike Finds a Way 艾德·賽剋找到瞭一個辦法
Resentment and Rationale 不滿情緒與"閤理化"辯解
Lunch and Dinner Prices 午餐價和晚餐價
Cost-Plus-Markup Reconsidered 重新思考成本加成
Once Over Lightly 簡短迴顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
9 Competition and Government Policy 競爭與政府政策
Competition as a Process 競爭作為一個過程
The Pressures of Competition 競爭的壓力
Controlling Competition 控製競爭
Restrictions on Competition 對競爭的限製
Competition for the Key Resource:
The $600,000 Taxi License 對核心資源的競爭:60萬美元的齣租車執照
Competition and Property Rights 競爭和財産權
The Ambivalence of Government Policies 政府政策的矛盾性
Selling Below Cost 低於成本銷售
What Is the Appropriate Cost· 什麼是適當的成本?
"Predators" and Competition "掠奪者"和競爭
Regulating Prices 價格管製
"Antitrust" Policy "反托拉斯"政策
Interpretations and Applications 解釋和應用
Vertical Restraints: Competitive or Anticompetitive 縱嚮限製:競爭或反競爭
The Range of Opinion 觀點譜係
Toward Evaluation 對於競爭政策的評估
Once Over Lightly 簡短迴顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
10 Externalities and Conflicting Rights 外部性與衝突的權利
Externalities, Negative and Positive 正外部性和負外部性
Perfection Is Unattainable 十全十美無法達到
Negotiation 協 商
Reducing Externalities Through Adjudication 通過裁定減少外部性
The Case of the Complaining Homeowner 抱怨的房主
The Importance of Precedents 先例的重要性
The Problem of Radical Change 劇烈變化帶來的問題
Reducing Externalities Through Legislation 通過立法減少外部性
Minimizing Costs 把成本降到*低
Another Approach: Taxing Emissions 另一種辦法:徵收排放稅
Licenses to Pollute· 汙染許可證?
Efficiency and Fairness 效率和公平
The Bubble Concept 泡泡法
Rights and the Social Problem of Pollution 權利和汙染帶來的社會問題
Traffic Congestion as an Externality 交通擁堵作為一種外部性
Once Over Lightly 簡短迴顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
11 Markets and Government 市場與政府
Private Versus Public· 私人還是公共?
Competition and Individualism 競爭和個人主義
Economic Theory and Government Action 經濟理論和政府行為
The Right to Use Coercion 采取強製的權利
Is Government Necessary· 政府是必要的嗎?
Excluding Nonpayers 排除不付錢的人
The Free-Rider Problem 搭便車問題
Positive Externalities and Free Riders 正外部性和搭便車
Law and Order 法律和秩序
National Defense 國 防
Roads and Schools 道路和學校
Income Redistribution 收入再分配
The Regulation of Voluntary Exchange 自願交易的管製
Government and the Public Interest 政府和公共利益
Information and Democratic Governments 信息和民主政府
The Interests of Elected Officials 民選官員的利益
Concentrated Benefits, Dispersed Costs 集中的收益,分散的成本
Positive Externalities and Government Policies 正外部性和政府政策
How Do People Identify the Public Interest· 人們如何界定公共利益
The Prisoners' Dilemma 囚徒睏境
The Limits of Political Institutions 政治製度的局限
Once Over Lightly 簡短迴顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
12 Measuring the Overall Performance of Economic Systems
衡量經濟係統的整體績效
Gross Domestic Product **生産總值
GDP or GNP· GDP還是GNP?
GDP as Total Income Created in the Domestic Economy
GDP作為**經濟創造的總收入
GDP Is Not a Measure of All Purchases in the Economy
GDP衡量的並非經濟係統中的所有購買
GDP as Total Value Added GDP作為總附加價值
Is Value Added Always Positive· 附加價值是否總是正的?
Loose Ends: Unsold Inventories and Used Goods 零散問題:未齣售的存貨和二手貨
Aggregate Fluctuations 總量波動
Unemployment and Nonemployment 失業和未就業
Employed, Not Employed, and Unemployed 就業、未就業和失業
Labor-Market Decisions 勞動力市場中的決策
Unemployment and Recessions 失業和經濟衰退
Inflation 通貨膨脹
The Difficulties of Monetary Calculation 貨幣計量的難題
Recession and Inflation Since 1960 1960年以來的經濟衰退和通貨膨脹
What Causes Aggregate Fluctuations· 什麼導緻總量波動?
An Appendix: Limitations of National Income Accounting
延伸閱讀:國民收入核算的局限
Once Over Lightly 簡短迴顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
13 The Wealth of Nations: Globalization and Economic Growth
**的財富:**化與經濟增長
Who Is Rich, Who Is Poor· 誰富,誰窮?
The Historical Record 曆史記錄
Sources of Economic Growth 經濟增長的源泉
Foreign Investment 外國投資
Human Capital 人力資本
Oil Comes from Our Minds 石油來自我們的頭腦
Economic Freedom Index 經濟自由度指數
The Developmental Power of Private Property Rights 私有産權對發展的作用
The Asian Record 亞洲記錄
Outside of Asia 亞洲之外
Globalization and Its Discontents **化及其不滿
The Power of Popular Opinion 公眾意見的力量
The Power of Special Interests 特殊利益的力量
The Outsourcing Controversy: Soundbytes vs. Analysis 外包的爭論:脫口秀還是分析
An Appendix: The Difficulties of International GDP Comparisons
延伸閱讀:跨國GDP比較的難點
Once Over Lightly 簡短迴顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
14 Money 貨 幣
The Evolution of Money 貨幣的演化
The Myth of Fiat Money 法定貨幣的故事
The Nature of Money Today 當今貨幣的性質
So How Much Money Is Out There· 市麵上有多少貨幣?
The Creation of Money 貨幣的創造
What Can Be Created Can Be Destroyed 任何可以創造齣來的東西都可以被滅失
Credibility and Confidence 信用和信任
Banks Under Regulation: Legal Reserve Requirements
受管製的銀行:法定存款準備金製度
The Fed as Monitor and Rule Enforcer 美聯儲作為監督者和規則實施者
The Tools Used by the Fed 美聯儲的工具
The Discount Rate 貼現率
Open Market Operations 公開市場操作
But Who Is Really in Charge· 但是誰真正做主呢?
An Appendix: What about Gold· 延伸閱讀:那麼黃金呢?
Once Over Lightly 簡短迴顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
15 Economic Performance and Real-World Politics 經濟績效和真實世界中的政治
The Great Depression 經濟大蕭條
What Really Happens in a Recession· 經濟衰退期間究竟會發生什麼?
A Cluster of Errors 錯誤集群
Monetary Mismanagement, Monetary Miscalculation 貨幣的不良管理和錯誤計算
Monetary Equilibrium 貨幣均衡
When Is Monetary Policy Effective· 貨幣政策何時有效?
The Case for Fiscal Policy 財政政策
The Necessity of Good Timing 掌握好時機的必要性
The Federal Budget as a Policy Tool 聯邦預算作為一種政策工具
Time Horizons and Politics 任期和政治
Deficits Unlimited 無限度的赤字
Why Not Government at All Levels· 為什麼不是各級政府都如此?
Discretion and Rules 自由裁量和規則
Who Is at the Controls· 誰掌權?
Once Over Lightly 簡短迴顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
16 Renewal of the Debate: Some Parting Thoughts 辯論的*新:臨彆的思想贈言
The Great Financial Crisis of 2008 . . . and Beyond 2008年及其後的金融大海嘯
But First: The S&L; Crisis of the 1980s 先得迴顧20世紀80年代的存貸危機
The Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Hurting the Disadvantaged by Helping the Disadvantaged
次貸危機:對弱勢群體的幫助反而害瞭他們
Profit, Loss, and Bailout: Can a Government Agency Be a Good Entrepreneur·
利潤、虧損和援助:政府機構可以成為一個好企業傢嗎?
What Economists Know and the Limitations of Economics
經濟學傢知道什麼和經濟學的局限
Beyond Mere Economics **純粹的經濟學
Glossary 重要詞匯
Index 索 引
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