內容簡介

　　本書是本科教育中，化學化工專業用輔導書。本書內容圍繞普通高等教育對有機閤成知識結構要求編寫，體例豐富，知識點涵蓋全麵；題型新穎並緊緊結閤新的研究成果。注重深入淺齣，力爭讓學生便於上手，易於掌握。對不同的知識類型采用不同的方式進行歸納總結，尋其規律，溝通知識點之間的內在聯係，在理解的基礎上進行聯係式的記憶，在大腦裏編織知識的網絡。

內頁插圖

目錄

第一章 解答有機閤成題的基礎知識準備················································································ 1

一、烴類和簡單雜環的官能團化····························································································· 1

二、官能團的轉換················································································································ 6

三、復習和熟練掌握碳鏈的增長方法······················································································ 9

四、熟悉一些重要的重排反應······························································································ 10

五、掌握碳碳鍵的構建方法·································································································· 10

六、掌握化學鍵的切斷與逆閤成分析法················································································· 10

七、熟悉按照化學鍵異裂方式切斷後的常見閤成子及其對應的等價物······································· 10

八、逆閤成分析切斷法的技巧······························································································ 11

九、一條理想的閤成路綫的確定需要把握的幾點···································································· 11

第二章 有機化閤物常見增長和縮短碳鏈的方法····································································· 12

第一節 增長碳鏈的方法····································································································· 12

一、增加一個碳原子的常見方法··························································································· 12

二、增加兩個碳原子的常見方法··························································································· 16

三、增加三個碳原子的常見方法··························································································· 19

四、增加四個碳原子的常見方法··························································································· 22

五、碳鏈倍增法·················································································································· 22

第二節 縮短碳鏈的方法····································································································· 24

一、減少一個碳原子的常見方法··························································································· 24

二、烯烴通過氧化斷鍵減少一個或多個碳的方法···································································· 25

第三章 有機閤成練習題題解······························································································· 26

參考文獻·························································································································· 238

前言/序言

　　前 言

　　有機閤成是一門藝術——一門分子水平上的建築藝術；是一項復雜、艱巨的工作；也是一項耐人尋味和富有挑戰性、創造性的工作。其任務就是構建碳碳骨架和所需的官能團。這就要求我們必須熟練掌握官能團的引入和相互轉換的反應，以及碳碳鍵的構建。

　　編寫本書的目的是給剛接觸有機閤成反應的學生提供一個模仿的樣式。使有機閤成初學者有樣可學，促使他們較快地掌握有機閤成的一些基本規律，係統掌握有機化學的基本知識和基本理論，並能很快地應用到閤成路綫的設計上來，迅速提高應用有機化學基本知識和基本理論的能力。通過學習和訓練，幫助學生提高理論推導能力、有機化學的基本理論和基本知識的應用能力，進一步提高邏輯思維能力，拓展知識的應用範圍，開闊視野。通過學習和訓練，學生應能達到較順利地掌握和熟悉有機閤成路綫設計的基本要求和能力。對於學生係統學習和復習有機化學，尤其是對考研具有重要意義。

　　考慮到篇幅的限製，本書主要內容分為三章，第一章解答有機閤成題的基礎知識準備；第二章有機化閤物常見增長和縮短碳鏈的方法；第三章有機閤成練習題題解。重點是第三章，詳細介紹瞭300多條基本有機閤成路綫的設計，特點是采用一題一分析一推導一解釋一路綫的方式進行。按照有機閤成的基本要求，進行逆閤成分析，然後加以文字解釋，最後給齣符閤有機閤成要求的、可行的、簡練的閤成路綫。

　　本書作為有機閤成教學的重要參考書，重在啓濛、引領、啓發，重在學生自學，適閤本專科生、研究生學習參考，也適閤考研學生復習使用，是一本適時的參考書。希望能給初學者和考研學習者帶來一些可貴的啓發，助其提高學習效率。

　　本書經過10多年的教學和考研輔導促成初稿，在學校和二級學院領導的鼓勵和支持下纔得以完成。由於時間關係，來不及係統分類，對有機閤成的分析技術和路綫設計難以做到非常精準。書中難免存在錯漏之處，敬請讀者批評指正。

　　編 者

　　2015年10月於廣西玉林