具体描述
內容簡介
A story of a Jewish survivor of Hitler's Europe and his son, a cartoonist who tries to come to terms with his father's story and history itself. 作者簡介
The Pulitzer prize winning author of "Maus" and "Maus II", Art Spiegelman was born in Stockholm, Sweden, and grew up in Rego Park, New York. He is also the co-founder/editor of RAW, the acclaimed magazine of avant-garde comix and graphics and the illustrator of the lost classic "The Wild Party" by Joseph Moncure March. Spiegelman's work has been published in more than sixteen languages and has appeared in "The New York Times, Village Voice, " and "Playboy", among others. He has been a contributing editor and cover artist for "The New Yorker" since 1992.
Spiegelman attended the High School of Art and Design in New York City and SUNY Binghamton and received an honorary doctorate of letters from SUNY Binghamton in 1995. He began working for the Topps Gum Company in 1966, as association that lasted over twenty years. There he created novelty cards, stickers and candy products, including Garbage Candy, Wacky Packages and Garbage Pail Kids. He began producing underground comix in 1966, and in 1971 moved to San Francisco, where he lived until 1975.
His work began appearing in such publications as "East Village Other, Bijou" and "Young Lust Comix". In 1975-76, he, along with Bill Griffith, founded "Arcade, The Comic Revue". His book, "Breakdowns", an anthology of his comics, was published in 1977.
Spiegelman moved back to New York City in 1975, and began doing drawing and comix for "The New York Times, Village Voice" and others. He became an instructor at The School of Visiual Arts from 1979-1987. In 1980, Spiegelman and his wife, Francoise Mouly, started the magazine RAW, which has over the years changed the public's perception of comics as an art form. It was in RAW that "Maus" was first serialized. In 1986, Pantheon Books published the first half of "Maus" and followed with "Maus II" in 1991. In 1994 he designed and illustrated the lost Prohibition Era classic by Joseph Moncure March, "The Wild Party". In 1997, Spiegelman's first book for children, "Open Me ... I'm a Dog" was published by HarperCollins.
Art Spiegelman has received The National Book Critics Circle nomination in both 1986 and 1991, the Guggenheim fellowship in 1990, and a special Pulitzer Prize in 1992. His art has been shown in museums and gallery shows in the United States and abroad, including a 1991 show at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.
He and his wife, Francoise Mouly, live in lower Manhattan with their two children, Nadja and Dashiell. 精彩書評
"Maus is a book that cannot be put down, truly, even to sleep. When two of the mice speak of love, you are moved, when they suffer, you weep. Slowly through this little tale comprised of suffering, humor and life's daily trials, you are captivated by the language of an old Eastern European family, and drawn into the gentle and mesmerizing rhythm, and when you finish Maus, you are unhappy to have left that magical world."--Umberto Eco
戰爭的陰影與人性的掙紮:一部關於大屠殺幸存者的口述曆史 書名:Maus II: And Here My Troubles Began [平裝] 作者:Art Spiegelman 齣版年份:1991 --- 引言:曆史的迴響與個體的重負 《Maus II:And Here My Troubles Began》(中文譯名暫譯為《鼠族II:我的麻煩由此開始》)是藝術·斯皮格爾曼(Art Spiegelman)裏程碑式的作品《鼠族》係列的第二部,它繼承瞭第一部以動物隱喻形式講述二戰期間納粹大屠殺(Holocaust)的宏大敘事,卻將焦點更深地、更痛苦地轉嚮瞭幸存者的“戰後生活”——一個在曆史的巨大創傷之上建立起來的、搖搖欲墜的日常。如果說第一部是關於“發生瞭什麼”,那麼第二部則深入探討瞭“發生之後,我們如何繼續生活”。 本書不僅是對曆史事件的記錄,更是一部關於記憶、創傷、代際傳遞以及講述者(兒子)與被講述者(父親)之間復雜關係的人類學研究。斯皮格爾曼以其標誌性的、極具實驗性的敘事手法,將讀者拖入一個既是曆史的現場,又是現代傢庭的密室之中。 第一部分:幸存的重負與“活著”的悖論 第二部故事的開端,便將讀者帶離瞭奧斯維辛集中營的鐵絲網內,進入瞭父親弗拉戴剋·斯皮格爾曼(Vladek Spiegelman)戰後的美國生活。然而,這種“自由”並非簡單的解放。本書細緻描繪瞭弗拉戴剋作為大屠殺幸存者所承受的持續性創傷。他將集中營的生存法則——極端的節儉、對資源的絕對控製、對外部世界的不信任——帶入瞭美國中産階級的日常。 斯皮格爾曼通過精確的對話和場景描繪,展示瞭弗拉戴剋在和平年代的怪異行為:他對食物的囤積,他對金錢的癡迷,以及他與周圍環境(包括他精打細算的妻子弗蘭亞,以及美國本土的商業環境)格格不入的緊張關係。讀者可以看到,對於弗拉戴剋而言,戰爭的結束並非意味著內心的安寜,而是另一種形式的持續戰鬥——與貧窮的記憶戰鬥,與失去的親人的幽靈戰鬥。 本書並沒有美化幸存者的形象。斯皮格爾曼毫不留情地揭露瞭父親性格中的缺陷、偏見和固執。弗拉戴剋被描繪成一個復雜、有時甚至令人難以相處的個體。這種坦誠,是作品震撼人心的核心:它拒絕將幸存者塑造成聖人或完美的受害者,而是展現瞭創傷如何扭麯、固化瞭一個人的性格,使他們在日常生活中也難以與人真正連接。 第二部分:代際創傷與敘事的睏境 本書的敘事結構極其復雜,它不斷地在三個時間維度之間跳躍: 1. 過去(Auschwitz): 弗拉戴剋在集中營的經曆,包括在辛德勒工廠的工作、逃亡以及最終的解放。這些部分以高度戲劇化的、令人窒息的方式展開。 2. 現在(1970s-1980s,紐約皇後區): 弗拉戴剋與兒子藝術的日常生活。藝術正試圖記錄父親的故事,但過程充滿瞭摩擦。 3. 元敘事(Meta-Narrative): 藝術在創作漫畫過程中所經曆的掙紮、焦慮、對父親的不滿、對責任的逃避,以及對“如何恰當地講述”這種無法言喻的恐怖的深刻懷疑。 代際創傷是第二部的核心主題。藝術不僅要繼承父親的創傷記憶,還要承受“繼承者”的身份所帶來的壓力。他感到自己永遠無法真正理解父親的經曆,任何試圖“重現”或“轉化”這些痛苦的嘗試,都可能被視為一種剝削或膚淺化。 其中一個最具衝擊力的情節是關於藝術的妻子——安妮卡(Anja),在戰後抑鬱癥和自殺傾嚮的描繪。安妮卡對戰爭創傷的反應與弗拉戴剋截然不同,她的痛苦是內在的、無聲的,最終導緻瞭她的悲劇。這揭示瞭幸存者群體內部經驗的多樣性,以及傢庭內部溝通的徹底失敗。藝術記錄瞭母親的死亡,也記錄瞭他自己對母親之死的愧疚感和無力感。 第三部分:藝術傢的自我審視與“老鼠”的身份危機 斯皮格爾曼在第二部中大量運用瞭“元漫畫”(Meta-Comics)的手法,使自己成為漫畫中的角色,並直接麵對讀者和批判。他畫下瞭自己穿著老鼠服裝的形象,坐在一個巨大的、堆滿瞭書籍的“作者的桌子”前,身心俱疲。 藝術的自我懷疑達到瞭頂點: 冒名頂替的恐懼: 他擔心自己(作為二代猶太人)是否有權利講述第一代人的故事。 市場化的陷阱: 他恐懼他的作品被視為一種商業化的娛樂産品,將真正的苦難降格為流行文化。 形象的限製: 漫畫中所有猶太人都是老鼠,德國人是貓,波蘭人是豬。在講述妻子自殺和自己創作睏境時,他痛苦地意識到這些象徵符號的局限性——它們在記錄宏大曆史時有效,但在描繪微妙的個人心理時卻顯得笨拙和諷刺。 作品的高潮之一是藝術在與父親爭吵後,將他記錄的全部手稿撕毀,並將其扔進垃圾桶。這一行為象徵著敘事過程中的絕望與中斷,體現瞭“講述的極限”——有時候,創傷是如此巨大,以至於任何嘗試去捕捉它的努力都是徒勞的。 結論:未竟的旅程與持續的記憶 《Maus II》以一種極度開放和未完成的狀態結束。它沒有提供治愈,沒有提供簡單的答案,更沒有給弗拉戴剋或藝術帶來內心的平靜。相反,它展現瞭創傷的持續性,以及傢庭關係在曆史重壓下如何被塑造和扭麯。 這部作品的偉大之處在於其誠實地麵對瞭記憶的不可靠性、講述的倫理睏境以及幸存者身份的復雜性。它強迫讀者思考:當我們講述最黑暗的曆史時,我們究竟在講述什麼?我們與我們所講述的受害者之間,究竟存在著何種難以逾越的鴻溝?《Maus II》是一部關於幸存者如何努力重建生活,以及下一代如何背負這份遺産的、深刻而令人不安的傑作。它提醒我們,曆史從未真正過去,它隻是換瞭一種方式,在我們日常的掙紮中“開始它的麻煩”。