　　《查拉圖斯特拉如是說》是尼采藉查拉圖斯特拉之名宣講自己的哲學思想，是尼采裏程碑式的作品，幾乎包括瞭尼采的全部思想。全書用散文詩體寫成，以振聾發聵的奇異灼見和橫空齣世的警世智慧宣講“超人哲學”和“權力意誌”，橫掃瞭基督教所造成的精神奴性，譜寫瞭一麯自由主義的人性之歌。本書並不像說教那樣枯燥乏味，具有極高的文學價值，在世界哲學史和詩歌史上均占有獨特的不朽的地位。

作者簡介

　　弗裏德裏希·尼采（Friedrich Nietzsche, 1844—1900），著名德國思想傢，詩人哲學傢。他強力批判西方傳統的基督教文化，否定基督教傳統的道德體係，主張重估一切價值；他提倡創造一種生存的意義，為後來的存在主義奠定瞭基礎，被譽為存在主義的先驅之一；他熱愛生命，提倡昂然的生命力和奮發的意誌力，肯定人世間的價值，給歐洲古典哲學注入新鮮血液並開闢瞭古典語言學的嶄新時代。從這個意義上說，他開創瞭人類思想史的新紀元，哲學史可以以尼采前和尼采後來劃分。在尼采之後，傳統的哲學體係解體瞭，哲學由非存在轉變為存在，從天上迴到地上，由神奇莫測、玄而又玄轉變為引起億萬人心靈的無限共鳴。

精彩書評

　　謂今日歐洲之文化藝術，下至人民生活，無不略受影響於尼氏者，非過論也。
　　——王國維
　　
　　在哲學上，他深刻地啓發瞭斯賓格勒、薩特等許多有影響的哲學傢。在文學上，他對德國的裏爾剋和托馬斯·曼，法國的紀德和馬爾羅，英國的蕭伯納和葉芝，中國的魯迅、茅盾和郭沫若等人的影響也是眾所周知的。
　　——張汝倫

精彩書摘

　　I
　　When Zarathustra was thirty years old, he abandoned his home and the lake of his home and went into the mountains Here he enjoyed his spirit and his solitude and for ten years did not tire of them.* At last, however, there was a change in his heart-and so one morning with the dawn of morning he rose, stepped out before the sun. and spoke to it thus:
　　‘Greetings, Great Star! What would your happiness he, were it not for those whom you illumine!*
　　For ten years you have come up here to my cave: you would have grown weary of your light and of this course without me, my eagle, and my serpent!
　　‘But we were waiting for you every morning. took from you your over?ow and also blessed you for it
　　‘Behold! I am overburdened with my wisdom: like the bee that has gathered too much honey, I need hands outstretched to receive it.*
　　‘I should like to bestow and distribute. until the wise among human beings once again become glad of their folly and the poor once again of their riches.
　　‘For that I must descend into the depths: just as you do in the evening when you go down behind the sea and still bring light to the underworld, you overrich star!*
　　‘I must, like you, go under, as human beings call it, to whom I would go down. ‘So bless me than, you tranquil eye, who can look without envy even upon all-too-great happiness!
　　‘Bless the cup that wants to over?ow, that the water may ?ow from it golden and carry everywhere the re?ection of your delight!
　　‘Behold! This cup wants to become empty again, and Zarathustra wants to become human again."
　　—Thus began Zarathustra’s going-under.
　　2
　　Zarathustra climbed down the mountain alone and no one encountered him. But when he came into the forest, there suddenly stood before him an old man who had left his holy hut in order search in the forest for roots. And thus spoke the old man to Zarathustra:
　　‘No stranger to me is this wanderer: many years ago he passed by here before Zarathustra he was called; but now he has transformed himself .
　　‘Then you were carrying your ashes to the mountains: would you today carry your fire into the valleys? Do you not fear the arsonist’s punishment?
　　‘Yes. I recognize Zarathustra. Clear is his eye, and around his mouth no trace of disgust. Does he not walk like a dancer?
　　‘ Zarathustra is transformed, Zarathustra has become a child, Zarathustra is an awakened one: what do you want now among sleepers? *
　　‘You lived in your solitude as if in the sea, and the sea bore you up. Alas, you want to climb onto land? Alas, you want to drag your body yourself again?’
　　Zarathustra answered: ‘I love human beings.‘
　　‘But why’, said the holy man, ‘did I go into the forest and the desert? Was it not because I loved human beings all too much?
　　‘Now I love God: human beings I love not. The human being is for me too incomplete an affair. Love of human beings would be the death of me.’
　　Zarathustra answered: ‘What did I say of love! I bring human beings a present.’
　　‘Give them nothing,‘ said the holy man. ‘Rather take something from them and carry it for them: that will do them the greatest good—as long as it does you good!
　　‘And if you would give to them, then give them nothing more than alms, and let them beg even for that!’
　　‘No,’ answered Zarathustra, ‘I give no alms. For that I am not poor enough.’
　　The holy man laughed at Zarathustra and spoke to him thus: ‘Then see to it that they accept your treasures! They are suspicious of solitaries, and do not believe that we come in order to bestow.
　　‘Too lonely for them is the sound of our footsteps in the lanes. And when in their beds at night they hear a man going by long before the sun has risen, they surely ask themselves: Where is that thief going?
　　‘Do not go to human beings but stay in the forest! Go rather even to the beasts! Why would you not be, like me—a hear among the bears, a bird among the birds?’
　　‘And what does the holy man do in the forest?‘ asked Zarathustra.
　　The holy man answered: ‘I make up songs and sing them, and as I make up songs, I laugh and weep and growl: thus do I praise God.
　　‘With singing, weeping, laughing, and growling I praise the God who is my God. But what do you bring us as a present?’
　　When Zarathustra heard these words he saluted the holy man and said: ‘What could I have to give to you! But let me go quickly, that I might take nothing from you!'—And thus they patted from each other, the old man and the younger, laughing, just like two boys laughing.
　　But when Zarathustra was alone again, he spoke thus to his heart;*
　　‘Could this be possible! This old holy man in his forest has heard nothing of this yet. that God is dead!’-
　　3
　　When Zarathustra came to the nearest town, which lay on the edge of the forest, he found there a crowd of people gathered in the market-square, for it had been announced that a rope-dancer* would be appearing. And Zarathustra spoke to the people thus:
　　‘I teach to you the Overhuman. The human is something that shall be overcome. What have you done to overcome it?
　　‘All beings so far have created something beyond themselves: and you want to be the ebb of this great tide, and even go back to the beasts rather than overcome the human?
　　‘What is the ape for the human being? A laughing-stock or a painful cause for shame, And the human shall be just that for the Overhuman: a laughing—stock or a painful cause for shame.
　　‘You have nude your way from warm to human, and much in you is still warm. Once you were apes, and even now the human being is sill more of an ape than any ape is.*
　　‘Whoever is the wisest among you is still no more than a discord and hybrid between plant and spectre. But do I bid you become spectres or plants? ‘Behold. I teach to you the Ovehuman!
　　‘The Overhuman is the sense of the earth. May your will say Let the Overhuman be the sense of the earth!
　　‘I beseech you, my brothers, stay true to the earth and do not believe those who talk of over-earthly hopes! They are poison-mixers, whether they know it or not.
　　‘They are despisers of life, moribund and poisoned themselves, of whom the earth is wary: so let them pass on!
　　‘Once sacrilege against God was the greatest sacrilege, but God died, and thereby the sacrilegious died too. Sacrilege against the earth is now the most terrible thing, and to revere the entrails of the unfathomable more than I sense of the earth!
　　‘Once the soul looked despisingly upon the body, and at that time this despising was the highest thing: she wanted the body to be lea, ghastly, and starved. Thus she thought to slip away from the body and the earth.
　　‘Oh this soul was herself still lean, ghastly, and Starved :and cruelty was the lust of this soul!
　　‘But you too, my brothers, tell me: what does your body proclaim about your soul? Is your soul not poverty and ?lth and wretched contentment?
　　‘Verily, a polluted stream is the human. One must be a veritable sea to absorb such a polluted stream without becoming unclean.
　　‘Behold. I teach to you the Overhuman: it is this sea, in this can your great despising submerge itself.
　　‘What is the greatest you could experience? It is the hour of the great despising. The hour in which even your happiness disgusts you and likewise your reason and your virtue.
　　‘The hour when you say: “What good is my happiness! It is poverty and ?lth and wretched contentment. But my happiness should justify existence itself!"
　　‘The hour when you say: “What good is my reason! Does it crave knowing as the lion craves its food? It is poverty and ?lth and wretched contentment"
　　……