具体描述
編輯推薦
適讀人群 ：對中國曆史感興趣的外國讀者和英語學習者☆中外學者閤作介紹中國曆史首部英文圖書
☆曆史年代為序，全麵梳理中國曆史
☆以中國視角敘述，兼顧外國讀者閱讀習慣
☆快速瞭解中國曆史，麵嚮外國讀者普及讀物
內容簡介
《中國簡史：從史前文明到末代皇帝》（HistoryofChina:FromEarliestTimestotheLastEmperor）是一部直接麵嚮海外讀者概覽性地介紹中華民族五韆年曆史的圖書。它是國內首部由國內外學者閤作編著的介紹中國曆史的圖書，其內容在保持中國敘述視角的同時，兼顧國外讀者的閱讀習慣，是一本普及中國曆史的讀物。
本書以曆史年代為序，再現瞭中華文明從遠古文明到清朝結束的發展曆程，全麵迴顧瞭自原始社會以來各個不同時期的中國曆史畫捲，涵蓋瞭中國曆史的主要內容，集中講述瞭曆史的變遷過程，較為係統地介紹瞭中國曆史的發展脈絡。是一部快速瞭解中國曆史及社會變遷的圖書。
作者簡介
邁剋爾·迪倫（Michael Dillon），杜倫大學當代中國研究中心創始人，於該校東亞係任教。主要研究領域為中國曆史、政治和社會以及漢語。他擁有利茲大學中國研究的碩士和博士學位，是英國皇傢曆史學會和皇傢亞洲學會的會員。他是《中國季刊》《民族和種族研究》《內亞》等刊物的特約評審專傢，經常受邀做客BBC等國際廣播公司評論中國及亞洲事務，是《泰晤士報文學增刊》的常駐作者，並擔任由喬納森·劉易斯為BBC2、Granada和PBS（美國）頻道拍攝的一部中國主題的四集電視紀錄片的顧問。他精通中文，能說普通話和一些廣東話，並通曉新疆的維吾爾語。他齣版的主要作品有《當代中國入門》（Routledge齣版社,2008）、《現代中國史》（I.B.Tauris齣版社，2010）。目前迪倫教授正在為Taylor & Francis齣版社編輯《中國百科全書》一書。
內頁插圖
This is a Chinese account of China, seen from the inside and presenting many of the stories behind historical events that are familiar to Chinese people from their scooldays but are little known even among foreign historians of China. It is a valuable complement to the standard histories of China available in English.
——Michael Dillon
目錄
Contents
ListofIllustrationsxii
NameandDateConventionsUsedintheContextxxxvii
Introductionxxxix
Chapter1
AncientCivilizations:RuleandPolitics
(c.8500–256BCE)
THEORIGINSOFCIVILIZATION–AncientManinChina–TheEraofClanSocieties–TheDawnoftheChineseNation–ThreeBenevolentRulers:Yao,ShunandYu–THEEARLIESTDYNASTIESOFCHINA–RuleoftheXiaDynasty–TheRiseandFalloftheShangDynasty–TheFlourishingoftheWesternZhouDynasty–DeclineoftheWesternZhouDynasty–THESPRINGANDAUTUMNPERIOD–DeclineoftheRoyalFamily–DukeHuanofQiandDukeWenofJin–ThreeSuccessiveHegemonies–WuandYuePushforPower–THESEVENPOWERSOFTHEWARRINGSTATESPERIOD–SevenPowersLockedinRivalry–ReformMovementsintheSevenStates–AllianceandUnification
Chapter2
AnEmergingState:SocietyandCulture
OracleBonesinShangLife–TheBronzeAge–TheDevelopmentofAgriculture–Crafts–TheDujiangyanWeirs–TheRiseoftheCity–Literature:BookofSongsandElegiesoftheSouth–Music:BellsandDrums–Astronomy–Medicine
Chapter3
TheFoundationsofPhilosophyandSchoolsofThought
THECONTENTIONOFAHUNDREDSCHOOLSOFTHOUGHT–Confucius:TeacherforAllAges–TheLegacyandDevelopmentofConfucianism–Daoism:LetThingsRunTheirCourse–TheMohistSchool:EarthlyAscetics–Legalism:FavoredbyRulers–MilitaryStrategists:MastersoftheLawofWar–THECLASHOFSCHOOLSOFTHOUGHT
Chapter4
UnificationundertheQinEmpire
(221–206BCE)
RULEOFTHEQINEMPIRE–QinShiHuang’sUnificationoftheCountry–CentralizationoftheQinEmpire–AReignofTyranny–THEWONDERSOFTHEQINDYNASTY–TheGreatWall–QinShiHuangMausoleum–TerracottaWarriorsandHorses–THEFALLOFTHEQINDYNASTY–ThePeasantUprising–ConflictbetweentheStatesofChuandHan
Chapter5
TheRiseandFalloftheHanDynasty
(220BCE–280CE)
THERISEOFTHEHAN–RebuildingbytheEarlyHanDynasty–EmperorsWenandJing–EmperorWuofHan–DECLINEOFTHEWESTERNHANDYNASTY–CorruptionintheMidandLateWesternHan–TheBriefReignofWangMang–REVIVALOFTHEHANCOURT–TheFoundingoftheEasternHanDynasty–PowerStruggles:CourtWomenandEunuchs–TheFalloftheEasternHanDynasty–FOREIGNRELATIONSDURINGTHEHANDYNASTY–MarriageBringsPeaceBeyondtheGreatWall–ZhangQian’sJourneystotheWesternRegions–TheSilkRoad
Chapter6
Scientific,CulturalandPhilosophicalDevelopmentsundertheHan
SCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGYOFTHEHANDYNASTY–TheInventionofPaper–TraditionalChineseMedicine–AstronomyandMathematics–THESTATUSOFIDEASINTHEHANDYNASTY–TheRiseofDaoism–TheSpreadofBuddhisminChina–EvolutionoftheScholarlyClass–CULTUREOFTHEHANDYNASTY–FirstMajorHistoricalWorks–LiteratureandArt
Chapter7
DisturbanceandStability:FromtheThreeKingdomstoaHundredYearsofJinRule
(220–420CE)
THETHREEKINGDOMS–TheBattleofGuandu–TheBattleofRedCliffs–EmergenceoftheThreeKingdoms–WESTERNANDEASTERNJIN–BriefUnificationduringtheJinDynasty–RebellionoftheEightPrinces–TheHundred-YearRuleoftheEasternJin
Chapter8
ThePoliticsandCultureoftheSouthernandNorthernDynasties
(420–589)
THESOUTHERNDYNASTIES–ContentionoftheSixteenKingdoms–RuleoftheSong,Qi,Liang,andChen–THENORTHERNWEIDYNASTY–RapidRiseoftheNorthernWeiDynasty–TheReformsofEmperorXiaowen–CrumblingoftheNorthernWei–TheCrushingofBuddhism–CULTURALDEVELOPMENTSDURINGTHESIXDYNASTIES–LiteratureandArt–TheStudyofHistoryandGeography–TheNaturalSciences–NEWPHILOSOPHICALEXPLORATIONS–DarkLearningandtheSevenSagesoftheBambooGrove–TheFlourishingofBuddhism–TheDevelopmentofDaoism
Chapter9
TheSuiDynasty
(581–618)
TheFoundingoftheSuiDynasty–TheRuleofEmperorWen–TheFalloftheSuiDynasty–TheGrandCanal
Chapter10
TheGoldenEraoftheTangDynasty
THEFOUNDINGANDGOVERNMENTOFTHETANGDYNASTY–TheRiseoftheTangFamily–TheGoldenYearsofZhenguan–TheUsurpingEmpress–TheGoldenEraofKaiyuan–THETANGEMPIRE–LIFEINTHETANGWORLD–Agriculture–TradeandCommerce–KeyInventions:WoodblockPrintingandGunpowder–Medicine–Astronomy–TANGCULTUREANDCRAFTS–Poetry–Novels–Calligraphy–Painting–MusicandDance–Crafts
Chapter11
Decline,SeparationandTurbulence:
TheDeclineoftheTangandRuleoftheSong
THEDECLINEOFTHETANGDYNASTY–TheAnLushanRebellion–EffortstoRevivetheTangEmpire–TurbulenceandDecline–ASplinteredAge:FiveDynasties,TenKingdoms–TheRiseoftheKhitan–THENORTHERNANDSOUTHERNSONGDYNASTIES–TheFoundingoftheNorthernSongDynasty–ReformandStrifeintheMidtoLateNorthernSong–TheCollapseoftheSouthernSongDynasty
Chapter12
Co-existingRegimes:TheSong,Liao,Xia,andJin
ConfrontationbetweenSongandLiao–TheRiseandFalloftheWesternXiaDynasty–TheRiseoftheJinEmpire–ConfrontationbetweenSouthernSongandJin
Chapter13
TheEnrichingLegacyoftheTangandSongDynasties
AThrivingEconomy–Science,Technology,andCulture
Chapter14
TerritorialExpansionandCulturalFlowerings:
TheYuanDynasty
(1206–1368)
THEFOUNDINGOFTHEYUAN–TerritorialExpansionoftheMongolEmpire–UnificationWar–TheYuanSystemofGovernment–YUANCULTUREANDECONOMY–TheCapital,Dadu–EthnicIntegration–TheEconomy–LiteratureandArtofSongandYuan
Chapter15
CentralizedMonarchyoftheMingDynasty
(1368–1644)
THEFOUNDINGOFTHEMING–TheFalloftheYuanDynasty–TheAbsoluteMonarchyoftheMingDynasty–TurmoilwithintheMingCourt–THEMINGDYNASTYECONOMYANDFOREIGNPOLICY–ThrivingEconomyandAdministrationofItsLand–Ming’sForeignPolicy–China’sRelationshipwithItsNeighbors–MerchantGuildsandBanking
Chapter16
Piracy,WarandRebellion:theDeclineoftheMingandRiseoftheQing
TURBULENCEANDDECLINEOFTHEMING–MingCostalDefense–EarlyColonialAggression–TheTumuCrisis–RevivalEortsinLateMing–ThreeNotoriousAairsofCourt–EunuchAbuseofPowerandtheDonglinMovement–ENDOFTHEMINGDYNASTY–WaningMilitaryPower–Rebellionofthe“DashingKing”–TheDoomedSouthernMingCourt–TheRiseoftheJurchens–Nurhaci:KhanofHeaven’sMandate–HongTaijiFoundstheQingEmpire
Chapter17
TheQing:Feudalism’sFinalBow
(1644–1911)
CONSOLIDATIONOFTHEQINGEMPIRE–Anti-QingResistance–ZhengChenggong’sRecoveryofTaiwan–SuppressionoftheThreeFeudatoriesbytheKangxiEmperor–TheRecoveryofTaiwan–BorderDefenseagainstTsaristRussia–SuppressionoftheDzungarRebellionandTorghutIntegration–SuppressionoftheUyghurRebellionandWarsagainstForeignIntruders–TheDalaiLamaandPanchenLama–THEFINALFLOWERINGOFCHINESEFEUDALSOCIETY–TheGrowingStrengthoftheMonarchyundertheQingDynasty–ProsperityoftheKangxi,Yongzheng,andQianlongReigns–TheRulingCrisisoftheMidtoLateQingDynasty
Chapter18
Learning,PhilosophicalThoughtandCultureundertheMingandQing
TECHNOLOGYANDTHOUGHTS–TheReconstructionofBeijing–Science,Technology,andtheIntroductionofWesternLearning–Neo-Confucianism–ANewStageinConfucianism–LITERATUREANDARTINTHEMINGDYNASTY–VernacularFiction–Mass-MarketNovels–MingOpera–CalligraphyandPainting–QINGCULTURE–ClassicalGardens–GovernmentCulturalProjects–ADreamofRedMansions–TheRisingPopularityofNovels–BreakthroughsinCalligraphyandPainting–BeijingOpera
Chapter19
WarsandRebellion:TheOpiumWars,BoxerRebellionandForeignPowers
THEOPIUMWARS–ChinaandtheWestbeforetheFirstOpiumWar–TheDestructionofOpiuminHumen–TheFirstOpiumWar–TheSecondOpiumWar–EmpressDowagerCixi’sRisetoPower–TheTaipingRebellion–TheEndoftheTaipingHeavenlyKingdom–WARINTHELATEQINGDYNASTY–ZuoZongtang’sRecoveryofXinjiang–TheSino-FrenchWar–TheSino-JapaneseWar–TheBoxerRebellionandtheAlliedForces’InvasionofChina
Chapter20
WesternInfluences,ReformandDeathoftheQing
TheChallengeofWesternCulture–TheSelf-StrengtheningMovement–TheRiseofCapitalism–IdeasofReform–TheHundredDays’Reform–TheQingCourt’sDyingThroes–TheRiseoftheRepublic–Conclusion
Index448
精彩書摘
《History of China 中國古代簡史：從史前文明到末代皇帝》：So the Qing were defeated at the Battle of Gualar， the first battle between the Chinese and the Russians， but this marked the beginning of China's resistance to Russian mvasion； the quick response of the Qing government indicated the importance it attached to territorial integrity.
In 1653，internal conflict among the Russians led to Khabarov's dismissal and his return to Russia.Stepanov， his deputy， took over.To protect local residents， the Qing government moved them further inland and dis—patched troops； in 1658， Stepanov was killed and in 1659， the Qing army recaptured Yaksa.By 1660， the invading forces along the lower reaches of the Amur River had been wiped out.
However， the Russians did not give up easily.Taking advantage of the Qing preoccupation with the Three Feudatories， they invaded Heilong—jiang once again and regained many cities， including Yaksa.Defying the Qmg government's warnings， they continued their expansion， even demanding Qing's submission to the Russian tsar.So， when the Three Feudatories problem finally ended in 1681， the Kangxi Emperor immediately set out to reinforce northeastern China.ln the spring of1682， he made an inspection tour of cities such as Shengjing （today's Shenyang） and Wula （today's Jilin）.Full preparations were made for a counterattack：courier stations， along with land and waterway systems， were all set up.
……
前言/序言
Introduction
The history of China is the story of the people who live between the coasts and the mountains and steppes of Inner Asia. Principally it is a history of settled agricultural communities, distinguished from and often in conflict with, the pastoral nomadic societies of the northern and western regions. The civilization that today we call Chinese originated in the north-central region of the mainland, around the Yellow River. It extends southwards to the Yangzi(or Yangtze), a formidable natural barrier, across which the state gradually asserted its authority. Ancient Chinese society emerged as a multiplicity of city states which were incorporated into the great empires of the Shang and Zhou. The authority of the Zhou Dynasty was exhausted in the fifth Century BCE and by then a network of independent statelets had emerged, in the era that became known as Spring and Autumn. Conflict between these statelets for dominance was reflected in the name for the following historical period — the Warring States. When one of these statelets, the Qin, grew in size and authority and emerged as the victor in 221 BCE, its leader declared himself Qin Shi Huang, the First Emperor of Qin, and is regarded as the first of the long series of emperors who ruled China until the disintegration of the empire in 1911.
This period set the pattern for the whole of the empire; the conflict between centralization and centrifugal political forces and between the settled and the pastoral lands. Since then, by and large, China has had powerful single rulers, emperors whose reign names mark successive periods of history. It would however be a mistake to assume that all of these emperors controlled the whole of the present-day territory of China or that they were Chinese in the commonly accepted modern sense. The great Tang Dynasty (618–907) was extraordinarily inclusive and open-minded and is admired for its poetry and sculpted ceramics. Tang emperors governed most of the country but their family backgrounds included the Turkic-speaking aristocracy.
The fate of the Song Dynasty (960–1279) illustrates well the conflict between the tribes of the steppe and the settled Chinese which marked the remainder of the empire. The Song (Northern Song) began as a successor to the Tang, controlling much of the same territory, but it was faced with serious military challenges on its frontiers and lost much of its northern territory to nomadic tribes, principally the Khitan Liao and the Tangut Xixia, whose regimes in the lands that they conquered are known by Chinese dynastic names. The Song emperors were forced to retreat south and their reign, the Southern Song—notable above all for its fine painting—lasted until the Mongols from the steppes, having defeated the other northern tribes including the Khitan and the Tanguts, finally conquered the whole of China and declared themselves to be the Yuan Dynasty (1271–1368). The emperors of the Yuan all had Chinese reign titles but their language and culture was Mongolian and they were part of the great Mongolian empire that spanned the whole of Asia during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. This regime was resented by many Chinese as an alien occupation—although many Chinese officials worked for it—and when the Mongols were driven back to the steppes in the middle of the fourteenth century, the Ming Dynasty that was established in Nanjing by Zhu Yuanzhang was welcomed as a return to Chinese rule.
The Ming lasted until 1644 when another northern people, the Manchus, produced a military apparatus that was able to overthrow the Chinese regime that had been weakened by corruption and internal power struggles. The Manchus took control of China, but, in order to rule it, had to cooperate with Chinese, Mongolian and Tibetan officials. Their dynasty, the Qing, was the last of the Chinese empire, although, ironically, it was not in the strict sense of the word a Chinese dynasty. As happened during the Yuan Dynasty, there was great opposition to Manchu control and a nationalist movement that emerged during the nineteenth century was strengthened by the inability of the government to resist commercial and military pressures from the maritime empires of Britain and the other Western powers. When the Manchu Qing regime was finally overthrown in 1911, the driving forces were the traditional ones of Chinese opposition to alien rule and the secession of provinces from the central government. However to this must be added a completely new element, the threat of Western encroachment which was to dominate the history of China in the early twentieth century.
History is not, of course, confined to the past. It continues as we live and it informs the thinking not only of historians and the readers of history but those in power. Chinese thinkers, writers and rulers are acutely conscious of the history of their country: it is constantly referred to in the contemporary political discourse of the country, although not everyone draws the same conclusions about the lessons to be learned from it. Nevertheless, without an appreciation of the multicultural and multiethnic historical background, with its conflicts and compromises and the successes and failures of its successive rulers, it is impossible to understand China as it rises to world prominence during the twenty-first century.
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