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professional English in Use Medicine contains 60 units covering a wide variety of medical vocabulary. Topics include diseases and symptoms, investigations, treatment, examining, and prevention. The book also introduces general medical vocabulary related to parts and tuncions of the body, medical and para medical personnel, education and training, research, and presentations. Primarily designed as a self study reference and practice book, it can also be used for classroom work and one [o one lessons and is suitable for intermediate and upper intermediate studuents
Protessional English in Use Medicine has been carefully researched using the Institute for Applied Language Studies medical corpus, as well as authentic texts, document sand cases 60 easy-to-use units: vocabulary items are presented and explained in context on left-hand pages with a range of practice exercises on right-hand pages. A focus on functional language, such as taking a history and examining, gives learners the confidence and ability to function in English in a medical environment."Over to you sections allow learners to apply the vocabulary they have learned in the unit to their own working lives.Includes a comprehensive, learner-friendly answer key and index.
Protessional English in Use Medicine is a must for medical practitioners who need to use English at work or for study, either in their own country or abroad.
內容簡介
《劍橋醫學英語》是為學習醫學且具有中高級英文水平的學習者設計的,它提供的醫學專業英語,有助於提高學習者對醫學期刊、書籍的閱讀水平,幫助醫學工作者或學生參加醫學國際會議,或到講英語的國傢作短期海外實習。此書可作為自學的學習資料,也可以作為課堂教學的課本,既可一對一來學習還可以學習小組的形式來學習。
《劍橋醫學英語》由60個雙頁主題單元組成,前46個主題涵蓋瞭醫學領域的方方麵麵,從健康、疾病到調查研究。其餘的14個單元側重於介紹有關醫學的溝通技能。
每一個單元的左手邊頁,詳細地解釋瞭關鍵詞和錶達方式;右手邊頁上的一係列練習則會幫助學習者檢查和進一步理解所學到的知識。
書的後麵附有練習答案和附錄。
《劍橋醫學英語》有特色的地方是每一單元都設計有“請你參與”部分。這為每一位學習者提供瞭情景模擬的機會,可以將學習到的新詞匯和錶達法用到自己相關的醫學專業領域中去,因而對新知識可以更好地消化和吸收。
內頁插圖
目錄
INTRODUCTION
BASICS
1 Health and illness
A Asking about health
B Sickness
C Recovery
2 Parts of the body 1
A Parts of the body
B Referring to parts of the body
C Describing radiation of pain
3 Parts of the body 2
A The abdomen
B The chest
C The pelvis
4 Functions of the body
A Eating
B The five senses
C Other functions
D Less common functions
MEDICAL AND PARAMEDICAL PERSONNEL AND PLACES
5 Medical practitioners 1
A Practitioners
B Specialties
C Choosing a specialty
6 Medical practitioners 2
A Hospital staff
B Medical teams
C Shifts
7 Nurses
A Nursing grades
B Support workers
C Specialization
D The nurses role
8 Allied health professionals
A Community health
B Technicians
C Prosthetists and orthotists
D Opticians
9 Hospitals
A Introduction to a hospital
B Outpatients
C Inpatients
10 Primary care
A The National Health Service
B The practice team
C A GPs day
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
11 Medical education 1
A Medical education in the UK
B Extract from an undergraduate prospectus
C A students view
12 Medical education 2
A The Foundation Programme
B People in medical education
C Medical qualifications
13 The overseas doctor
A Types of registration
B PLAB
C PLAB stations and advice
SYSTEMS, DISEASES AND SYMPTOMS
14 Symptoms and signs
A Describing problems
B Presentation
C Talking about symptoms
15 Blood
A Full blood count
B Anaemia
C Pernicious anaemia
16 Bones
A Bones
B Fractures
C Treatment of fractures
17 Childhood
A Milestones
B Common infectious diseases
C Coeliac disease
18 The endocrine system
A Excess and deficiency
B Negative feedback systems
C Goitre
D A letter of referral
19 The eye
A Parts of the eye
B Examination of the eye
C Retinopathy
20 The gastrointestinal system
A Examination of the abdomen
B The faeces
21 Gynaecology
A The female reproductive system
B Menstruation
C A gynaecological consultation
D Contraception
22 The heart and circulation 1
A Shortness of breath
B Heart rhythm
C Heart failure
23 The heart and circulation 2
A Physical examination
B Examining the heart and circulation
24 Infections
A Fever
B Microorganisms
C Source and spread of infection
25 Mental illness
A Psychiatric disorders
B Substance abuse
C Affective disorders
D Neurotic and stress-related disorders
E Other types of functional disorder
26 The nervous system 1
A Sensory loss
B Motor loss
C Loss of consciousness
27 The nervous system 2
A The motor system
B Tendon reflexes
C Coma
28 Oncology
A Neoplasms
B Symptoms and signs of malignancy
C Treatment of tumours
29 Pregnalacy and childbirth
A Childbirth
B Labour
C Presentation and lie
30 The respiratory system
A Cough
B Auscultation
31 The skin 1
A Some types of skin lesion
B Rashes
32 The skin
A Injuries to the skin
B Case report
C Sores
33 The urinary system
A Urinary symptoms
B Urinalysis
INVESTIGATIONS
34 Basic investigations
A Ophthalmoscopy
B Blood pressure
C Taking blood
35 Laboratory tests
A A Microbiology test request form
B A Biochemistry and Haematology lab report
C Terms used to describe lab results
36 Endoscopy
A Functions of endoscopy
B Enteroscopy
C Report of a diagnostic endoscopy
37 X-ray and CT
A Radiography and radiology
B X-ray examination
C Computed Tomography
38 MRI and ultrasound
A Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
B Ultrasound
C Preparing for medical imaging
D Describing medical imaging
39 ECG
A Uses of an ECG
B ECG procedure
C A normal ECG
TREATMENT
40 Medical treatment
A Prescriptions and drugs
B The British National Formulary
41 Surgical treatment
A The operating theatre
B Instruments
C The operation
D An operation report
42 Therapies
A Radiotherapy and chemotherapy
B A day in the life of a physiotherapist
C Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
PREVENTION
43 Screening and immunization
A Screening
B Common screening tests
C Immunization for travellers
EPIDEMIOLOGY
44 Epidemiology
A Rates
B Incidence and prevalence
C Association and causation
ETHICS
45 Medical ethics
A GMC guidelines
B Bioethical issues
C Assisted dying
RESEARCH
46 Research studies
A Case-control studies
B Cohort studies
C Trials
D Variables
TAKING A HISTORY
47 Taking a history 1
A A full case history
B Personal details
C Talking about pain
48 Taking a history 2
A Drug history
B Family history
C Social and personal history
49 Taking a history 3
A Reviewing the systems
B Asking about the central nervous syster
C Patient ideas, concerns and expectation
D Phrasal verbs in history-taking
EXAMINATION
50 Physical examination
A Examining a patient
B Giving instructions
51 Mental state examination
A Some symptoms of psychiatric disorders
B Mood
C Typical questions from a mental state examination
EXPLANATION
52 Explaining diagnosis and management
A Explanations
B Using lay terms in explanations
C An explanation of angina
53 Discussing treatment
A Offering options
B Advising a course of action
C Advising patients to avoid something
D Warnings
54 Giving bad news
A Principles of giving bad news
B A consultant medical oncologists report
PRESENTATIONS
55 Data presentation 1
A Referring to a table or figure
B Comparing variables
C Approximating
56 Data presentation 2
A Line graphs
B Pie charts
C Describing trends
57 Research articles
A The structure of a research article
B Objectives
C Main findings
58 Abstracts
A Structured abstracts
B The BMJ abstract
59 Conference presentations
A The structure of a presentation
B The introduction
C Signalling
D The conclusion
60 Case presentations
A Sections of a case presentation
B Bedside presentation
C Slides
Appendix I
Parts of the body
Appendix Ⅱ
Medical abbreviations
Appendix Ⅲ
Types of medication
Appendix Ⅳ
Symptoms and pain
Appendix Ⅴ
Verbs used in instructions
Appendix Ⅵ
Lay terms and definitions
Answer key
Index
精彩書摘
Hospital staff
The people who work in any type of workplace, including hospitals, are called the staff.
The medical staff in a British hospital belong to one of four main groups:
A pre-registration house officer (PRHO), or house officer, is a newly graduated doctor i the first year of postgraduate training. After a yeaz; he or she becomes a registered medi practitioner. In the current system of training, the Foundation Programme, the name fol these junior doctors is Foundation Year I doctor (FY1). (See Unit 12)
A senior house officer (SHO) is in the second year of postgraduate training. The title is now Foundation Year 2 doctor (FY2), but the old terms senior house officer and SHO are still used.
A specialist registrar (SpR) is a doctor who has completed the Foundation Programme, and is training in one of the medical specialties. There are also some non-training registrdoctors who have completed their training but do not wish to specialize yet.
A consultant is a fully qualified specialist. There may also be some associate specialistssenior doctors who do not wish to become consultants. In addition, there is at least o medical (or clinical) director, who is responsible for all of the medical staff.
Medical teams
Consultant physicians and surgeons are responsible for a specific number of patients in the hospital. Each consultant has a team of junior doctors to help care for those patients. In many hospitals, there are multidisciplinary teams which consist not only of doctors but also of physiotherapists and other allied health professionals (see Unit 8). When patients enter - or are admitted to hospital, they are usually seen first by one of the junior doctors on the ward where they will receive treatment and care. The junior doctor clerks them takes their medical history (see Units 47-49) and examines them. Some time later, the registrar also sees the patients, and may order investigations or tests, for example X-rays or an ECG, make a provisional diagnosis, and begin treatment. The consultant usually sees the new admissions - people who have recently been admitted to the ward for the first time on one of the regular ward rounds, when the management of the patients is discussed with the registrar. Consultants also decide when a patient is ready to be discharged (sent home). On the ward round, the consultant is accompanied by the team and a nurse, and they visit all the patients in the consultants care. Shifts
Junior doctors now normally work in shifts, which means they normally work for eight hours every day, for example 7 am to 3 pm, and are then free until 7 am the next day. After a week they change to a different shift, for example 3 pm to 11 pm or 11 pm to 7 am. The alternative system is to work from 9 am to 5 pm every day and to take turns to be on call available to return to the hospital if necessary - from 5 pm to 9 am the next day. Days on call are set out in a rota, or list of names and times. Doctors on call carry a radio pager, or bleeper, a device which makes a noise when someone is trying to contact them.
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