編輯推薦
在中國現代化的進程中,西方哲學社會科學始終是最重要的思想資源。然而,一個令人遺憾的事實是,自19 世紀末20 世紀初“西學東漸”起,國人對於西學的瞭解,基本上是憑藉零星的翻譯和介紹,認真地去讀原著的人少之又少。這些中譯本,囿於譯者的眼光和水平,往往與原著齣入頗大。因此,國人談論西學的情景,很像是瞎子摸象,雖然各執一詞,卻皆不得要領。
當然,100年間,還是齣現瞭一批學貫中西的學者,但其中肯花工夫於譯業的太少。許多年積纍下來,我們在這個領域擁有的優質中譯本依然十分有限。而且,再好的譯本,畢竟與原著隔瞭一層。倘若我們的學術界始終主要依靠中譯本去瞭解和研究西學,我們的西學水平就永遠不能擺脫可憐的境況。
好在現在有瞭改變這種境況的條件。在當今全球化時代,隨著國門進一步開放,中外交流日漸增多,人們普遍重視英語學習,國人中尤其年輕人中具備閱讀英文原著能力的人越來越多瞭。在這種形勢下,本叢書應運而生。編輯者的計劃是,選擇西方哲學、人文學科、社會科學領域的最基本的英文經典原著,分批陸續齣版,為有誌者提供價廉的版本和閱讀的便利。我贊賞這樣的善舉,並且相信,這也是為學術界做的一件益事。
周國平
2010年2月24日
內容簡介
《世界名著典藏係列:物種起源(英文全本)》是影響人類發展進程的劃時代著作,震撼世界的十《世界名著典藏係列:物種起源(英文全本)》之一,《世界名著典藏係列:物種起源(英文全本)》還是影響中國近代社會的經典著作,1985年被美國《生活》雜誌評為人類有史以來最佳圖書。
精彩書評
★倘若我們的學術界始終主要依靠中譯本去瞭解和研究西學,我們的西學水平就永遠不能擺脫可憐的境況。本書從選擇西方哲學、人文學科、社會學科領域的最基本的英文經典原著,分批陸續齣版,我贊賞這樣的善舉,並且相信,這也是為學術做的一件益事。
——周國平
目錄
1 INTRODUCTION
2 VARIATION UNDER DOMOESTICATION
3 VARIATION UNDER NATURE
4 STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE
5 NATURAL SELECTION
6 LAWS OF VARIATION
7 DIFFICULTIES ON THEORY
8 INSTNCT
9 HYBRIDISM
10 ON THE IMPERFECTIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL
11 ON THE GEOOGICAL SUCCESSION OF ORGANIC
12 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION
13 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION-CONTINUED
14 MUTUAL AFFINITIES OF ORGANIC BEINGS
15 RECAPITULATION AND CONCUSION
精彩書摘
That climate acts in main part indirectly by favouring other species, we may clearly see in the prodigious number of plants in our gardens which can perfectly well endure our climate, but which never become naturalised, for they cannot compete with our native plants, nor resist destruction by our native animals.
When a species, owing to highly favourable circumstances, increases inordinately in numbers in a small tract, epidemics-at least, this seems generally to occur with our game animals-often ensue: and here we have a limiting check independent of the struggle for life. But even some of these so-called epidemics appear to be due to parasitic worms, which have from some cause, possibly in
part through facility of diffusion amongst the crowded animals, been disproportionably favoured: and here comes in a sort of struggle between the parasite and its prey.
On the other hand, in many cases, a large stock of individuals of the same species, relatively to the numbers of its enemies, is absolutely necessary for its preservation. Thus we can easily raise plenty of corn and rape-seed, etc., in our fields, because the seeds are in great excess compared with the number of birds which feed on them; nor can the birds, though having a superabundance of food at this one season, increase in number proportionally to the supply of seed, as their numbers are checked during winter: but any one who has tried, knows how troublesome it is to get seed from a few wheat or other such plants in a garden; I have in this case lost every single seed. This view of the
necessity of a large stock of the same species for its preservation, explains, I believe, some singular facts in nature, such as that of very rare plants being sometimes extremely abundant in the few spots where they do occur; and that of some social plants being social, that is, abounding in individuals, even on the extreme confines of their range. For in such cases, we may believe, that a plant could exist only where the conditions of its life were so favourable that many could exist together, and thus save each other from utter destruction. I should add that the good effects of frequent intercrossing, and the ill effects of close interbreeding, probably come into play in some of these cases; but on this intricate subject I will not here enlarge.
Many cases are on record showing how complex and unexpected are the checks and relations between organic beings, which have to struggle together in the same country. I will give only a single instance, which, though a simple one, has interested me. In Staffordshire, on the estate of a relation where I had ample means of investigation, there was a large and extremely barren heath, which had never been touched by the hand of man; but several hundred acres of exactly the same nature had been enclosed twenty-five years previously and planted with Scotch fir. The change in the native vegetation of the planted part of the heath was most remarkable, more than is generally seen in passing from one quite different soil to another: not only the proportional numbers of the heath-plants were wholly changed, but twelve species of plants (not counting grasses and carices) fiourished in the plantations, which could not be found on the heath. The effect on the insects must have been still greater, for six insectivorous birds were very common in the plantations, which were not to be seen on the heath; and the heath was frequented by two or three distinct insectivorous birds. Here we see how potent has been the effect of the introduction of a single tree, nothing whatever else having been done, with the exception that the land had been enclosed, so that cattle could not enter. But how important an element enclosure is, I plainly saw near Farnham, in Surrey.
Here there are extensive heaths, with a few clumps of old Scotch firs on the distant hill-tops: within the last ten years large spaces have been enclosed, and self-sown firs are now springing up in multitudes, so close together that all cannot live.
When I ascertained that these young trees had not been sown or planted, I was so much surprised at their numbers that I went to several points of view, whence I could examine hundreds of acres of the unenclosed heath, and literally I could not see a single Scotch fir, except the old planted clumps. But on looking closely between the stems of the heath, I found a multitude of seedlings and little trees, which had been perpetually browsed down by the cattle. In one square yard, at a point some hundred yards distant from one of the old clumps, I counted thirty-two little trees; and one of them, judging from the rings of growth, had during twenty-six years tried to raise its head above the stems of the heath, and had failed. No wonder that, as soon as the land was enclosed, it became thickly clothed with vigorously growing young firs. Yet the heath was so extremely barren and so extensive that no one would ever have imagined that cattle would have so closely and effectually searched it for food.
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前言/序言
好的,以下是為您構思的《世界名著典藏係列》中其他經典作品的詳細圖書簡介,旨在提供豐富的內容和引人入勝的閱讀體驗,完全不涉及《物種起源》。 世界名著典藏係列:文學巨匠的永恒迴響 本係列精選自人類文明史上最璀璨的文學星辰,匯集瞭跨越時代、地域與文化的思想結晶與藝術瑰寶。它們不僅是文字的排列組閤,更是人類靈魂深處的呐喊、對命運的拷問、對真理的追尋,以及對愛與美的不朽禮贊。每一部作品都如同一個獨立的世界,等待著富有探究精神的讀者去深入探索和解讀。 --- 一、 傲慢與偏見 (Pride and Prejudice) – 簡·奧斯汀 著 品味十八世紀英國鄉村的細膩風情,洞察人類情感的永恒睏境。 本書記載瞭貝內特一傢五姐妹在封閉的英國鄉紳社會中,如何麵對婚姻、財富與階級的復雜考驗。故事的核心圍繞著個性獨立、機智聰穎的二小姐伊麗莎白·貝內特,與高傲、富有且魅力非凡的達西先生之間的情感糾葛展開。 奧斯汀以其標誌性的諷刺筆觸和對白語調,無情地揭示瞭當時社會對女性地位的束縛,以及金錢在擇偶標準中扮演的關鍵角色。伊麗莎白的“偏見”使她對達西先生的誤解根深蒂固,而達西的“傲慢”則令他輕視瞭貝內特傢族的社會地位。 讀者將跟隨兩位主角的誤會與和解,見證一場由誤解到理解、由抗拒到深愛的過程。書中對於傢庭瑣事、社交禮儀的描繪精妙絕倫,每個人物都栩栩如生,充滿瞭鮮活的生命力。這不僅僅是一部愛情小說,更是一部關於自我認知、剋服固有觀念的深刻社會觀察錄。它探討的關於身份、門第與真摯情感的衝突,在今天依然具有強烈的現實意義。 --- 二、 悲慘世界 (Les Misérables) – 維剋多·雨果 著 一部史詩般的法蘭西韆年畫捲,探索正義、救贖與人性的極限。 如果說文學是一麵鏡子,那麼《悲慘世界》便是映照瞭整個十九世紀法國社會底層疾苦的宏大鏡麵。小說以主人公冉阿讓的命運為主綫,貫穿瞭法國從滑鐵盧戰役後的波旁王朝復闢,直至巴黎公社前夜的動蕩歲月。 冉阿讓,一個僅僅因為偷瞭一塊麵包而被判處十九年苦役的男人,在他齣獄後麵臨著社會的徹底排斥。然而,一次由主教米裏哀所展現的無私的仁慈,徹底重塑瞭他的人生軌跡。他決心洗淨靈魂,以善良和犧牲來償還過去的罪孽,開始瞭贖罪的一生。 與此同時,故事也穿插瞭如警長安德烈追捕冉阿讓的堅定不移、芳汀悲慘的命運、馬呂斯與珂賽特的純真愛情,以及德納第夫婦的貪婪醜惡。雨果以其磅礴的氣勢和細膩的情感描繪,將讀者帶入社會底層,感受貧睏、剝削、革命的激情與犧牲。作品的核心在於對“法”與“情”、“懲罰”與“寬恕”的哲學辯論,是一部關於人類精神力量如何戰勝不公命運的偉大頌歌。 --- 三、 百年孤獨 (Cien años de soledad) – 加西亞·馬爾剋斯 著 馬孔多七代人的興衰史詩,魔幻現實主義的巔峰之作。 走進布恩迪亞傢族七代人所創造的虛構小鎮——馬孔多。這個與世隔絕的城鎮,如同一個微縮的宇宙,見證瞭人類從蠻荒到文明、從繁榮到衰敗的全過程。 小說以其標誌性的“魔幻現實主義”手法,將神話、曆史、夢境與日常瑣事無縫交織。在這裏,人們會遭遇會飛的吉蔔賽人、傾盆而下的四年十一個月零兩天的雨季、以及預知未來的羊皮捲軸。傢族成員們似乎都身負著同樣的宿命——孤獨,他們的名字不斷重復,行為模式驚人地相似,仿佛被某種無法掙脫的詛咒所束縛。 馬爾剋斯以冷靜、近乎新聞報道般的語調,敘述著愛情的熾熱、戰爭的殘酷、科學的荒謬與記憶的消逝。這部作品是對拉丁美洲曆史的隱喻,也是對人類生存狀態的終極探討:在時間的洪流麵前,個體生命的力量何其渺小,而孤獨,又是何其深重而永恒的主題。讀者將在層層疊疊的傢族譜係和瑰麗的想象中,感受文學敘事藝術的極緻魅力。 --- 四、 局外人 (L'Étranger) – 阿爾貝·加繆 著 直麵荒謬世界的冷漠凝視,存在主義文學的裏程碑。 默爾索,一個在阿爾及爾過著平靜生活的法國職員。當他的母親去世後,他錶現齣一種驚人的、與社會期待格格不入的冷漠:他沒有哭泣,甚至在葬禮後立刻去遊泳、看喜劇電影。這種“局外人”的態度,成為他命運的導火索。 不久,一次偶然的沙灘衝突導緻他射殺瞭一位阿拉伯人。審判的過程遠比謀殺本身更具震撼力。法庭審判的重點並非他行為的動機,而是他缺乏“人性應有的悲傷和懺悔”。默爾索被定罪,並非因為他殺瞭人,而是因為他拒絕遵循社會為他預設的情感劇本。 加繆以極其簡潔、冷靜甚至近乎疏離的語言,構建瞭一個關於“荒謬”哲學的絕佳文本。默爾索的經曆迫使我們反思:社會規範的閤理性何在?情感的錶達是真誠的,還是僅僅為瞭取悅他人?小說在最後,以海邊日齣和對世界的理解,完成瞭對自我存在意義的最終確認。 --- 五、 戰爭與和平 (Война и мир) – 列夫·托爾斯泰 著 宏大敘事的史詩巨著,探尋曆史的必然與個體生命的意義。 《戰爭與和平》是世界文學史上最偉大的曆史小說之一。它以拿破侖入侵俄國為背景,全景式地描繪瞭1805年至1812年間俄國社會各個階層的生活麵貌。 小說的主綫交織著五大傢族的命運:追求真理的貴族皮埃爾·彆祖霍夫、勇敢而追求榮譽的安德烈·博爾孔斯基,以及熱情、善良卻充滿掙紮的娜塔莎·羅斯托娃。讀者將跟隨他們穿梭於奢華的貴族沙龍、殘酷的奧斯特裏茨戰場,以及最終保衛莫斯科的烽火之中。 托爾斯泰不僅刻畫瞭個人在曆史洪流中的掙紮、愛情的幻滅與獲得,更以深刻的哲學思辨,探討瞭“曆史是由誰創造的”這一宏大命題。他挑戰瞭傳統史學中對“英雄人物”的崇拜,強調普通士兵、民眾意誌的集體力量纔是推動曆史前進的真正動力。這部作品在戰爭的恢宏與傢庭的溫馨之間切換自如,展現瞭對人類靈魂深刻的洞察力與同情心。 《世界名著典藏係列》的每一捲,都是通往不同心靈深處和曆史片段的鑰匙。它們邀請您一同踏上這場智識與情感的盛宴。