本書全麵介紹瞭納米生物材料的基本概念、多種過程方法、錶徵方法及其潛在的應用。首先介紹瞭生物材料的發展概況、人體生物學基礎，然後介紹瞭生物材料的代謝與腐蝕，討論瞭多種生物材料，如金屬生物材料、陶瓷生物材料、聚閤物生物材料、多功能生物材料等，最後介紹瞭組織工程納米生物材料。本書適閤生物工程、材料、醫學工程等相關專業的學生、研究人員及科技人員、管理人員閱讀。

序
前言
緻謝
關於本書
作者
1 生物材料概述
1.1 引言
1.2 生物材料:從過去到現在
1.3 生物材料的影響
1.4 生物材料的特點
1.5 生物材料的分類
1.5.1 金屬生物材料
1.5.2 陶瓷生物材料
1.5.3 聚閤生物材料
1.5.4 復閤生物材料
1.6 生物材料的錶麵修飾
1.7 生物材料的最新趨勢
1.7.1 納米生物材料:新一代生物材料
1.7.2 納米生物材料閤成方法
1.7.2.1 溶膠凝膠閤成法
1.7.2.2 仿生閤成法
1.7.2.3 組織工程法
1.8 小結
術語錶
參考文獻
2 人體生物學基礎
2.1 引言
2.2 人體的結構與功能
2.3 化學水平
2.4 細胞水平
2.4.1 細胞核
2.4.2 細胞質
2.4.3 細胞膜
2.4.3.1 跨膜運輸
2.5 組織水平
2.5.1 上皮組織
2.5.2 結締組織
2.5.3 肌肉組織
2.5.4 神經組織
2.6 器官水平
2.6.1 皮膚
2.6.2 骨
2.7 係統水平
術語錶
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
3 生物材料的降解和腐蝕
3.1 引言
3.2 錶麵特性
3.3 生物材料的降解
3.4 生物材料的腐蝕
3.4.1 電化學腐蝕
3.4.2 裂隙腐蝕
3.4.3 點狀腐蝕
3.4.4 晶間腐蝕
3.4.5 應力腐蝕
3.4.6 摩擦腐蝕
3.5 腐蝕測試方法
3.6 植入物的生物相容性
3.6.1 體外實驗方法
3.6.2 體內實驗方法
3.7 案例研究
3.8 小結
術語錶
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
4 生物材料的摩擦學和植入失敗
4.1 引言
4.2 形變力學
4.2.1 彈性形變
4.2.2 塑性形變
4.3 生物材料的形變分析
4.4 斷裂力學
4.5 斷裂分類
4.5.1 脆性斷裂
4.5.2 韌性斷裂
4.6 生物材料從脆性斷裂到韌性斷裂的過渡
4.7 斷裂韌性
4.8 生物材料的韌性分析
4.9 疲勞力學
4.10 生物材料的疲勞分析
4.11 摩擦學
4.11.1 摩擦
4.11.2 磨損
4.12 生物材料的摩擦學分析
4.13 案例研究
4.14 小結
術語錶
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
5 納米現象
5.1 引言
5.2 納米現象
5.2.1 納米尺度的材料性能
5.3 納米材料的閤成
5.3.1 自頂嚮下法
5.3.2 自底嚮上法
5.4 錶徵技術
5.4.1 X射綫衍射和散射法
5.4.2 電子顯微鏡
5.4.3 掃描探針顯微鏡
5.4.4 光散射技術
5.4.5 氣體吸附測試
5.5 納米材料的環境因素與安全因素
5.6 小結
術語錶
參考文獻
延伸閱讀
6 金屬生物材料
6.1 引言
6.2 金屬生物材料
6.2.1 不銹鋼
6.2.2 鈷鉻閤金
6.2.3 鈦及鈦閤金
6.2.4 形狀記憶閤金
6.2.5 牙科汞閤金
6.2.6 貴金屬及其他金屬
6.3 納米結構金屬植入材料
6.4 案例研究
6.5 小結
術語錶
參考文獻
7 陶瓷生物材料
7.1 引言
7.2 生物陶瓷
7.2.1 近惰性生物陶瓷
7.2.2 多孔生物陶瓷
7.2.3 生物活性陶瓷
7.2.3.1 生物活性玻璃
7.2.3.2 磷酸鈣陶瓷
7.2.4 生物可吸收性陶瓷
7.3 納米結構生物陶瓷
7.4 納米生物陶瓷的閤成和錶徵
7.4.1 納米氧化鋁陶瓷的閤成和錶徵
7.4.2 納米磷酸鈣陶瓷的閤成和錶徵
7.5 案例研究
7.6 小結
術語錶
參考文獻
8 聚閤生物材料
8.1 引言
8.1.1 聚閤過程
8.1.1.1 加聚
8.1.1.2 縮聚
8.1.2 聚閤物的類型
8.1.3 影響聚閤物性質的因素
8.1.3.1 分子質量
8.1.3.2 分子結構
8.1.3.3 分子間作用力
8.1.3.4 聚閤物的結晶度
8.1.4 聚閤物的錶徵
8.2 聚閤物作為生物材料
8.3 聚閤生物材料的分類
8.4 天然聚閤物
8.4.1 膠原
8.4.2 明膠
8.4.3 殼聚糖
8.5 閤成聚閤物
8.5.1 非生物降解閤成聚閤物
8.5.1.1 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯
8.5.1.2 聚乙烯
8.5.1.3 聚對苯二甲酸乙二酯
8.5.2 生物降解閤成聚閤物
8.5.2.1 聚乳酸
8.5.2.2 聚乙交酯
8.5.2.3 聚乳酸羥基乙酸
8.6 聚閤納米生物材料
8.7 聚閤納米縴維加工
8.7.1 牽引
8.7.2 模闆閤成
8.7.3 自組裝
8.7.4 相分離
8.7.5 電紡絲:新方法
8.7.5.1 實驗係統
8.7.5.2 紡絲機理
8.8 電紡絲聚閤納米縴維支架
8.8.1 膠原納米縴維支架
8.8.2 明膠納米縴維支架
8.8.3 殼聚糖納米縴維支架
8.8.4 聚乳酸納米縴維支架
8.8.5 聚乙交酯納米縴維支架
8.8.6 聚乳酸羥基乙酸納米縴維支架
8.9 聚閤納米縴維生物醫學應用
8.9.1 醫學修復術
8.9.2 牙齒修復
8.9.3 傷口敷料
8.9.4 藥物傳遞
8.9.5 組織支架
8.10 小結
術語錶
參考文獻
9 復閤生物材料
9.1 引言
9.2 復閤生物材料的分類
9.2.1 縴維復閤生物材料
9.2.2 微粒復閤生物材料
9.3 復閤生物材料的生物反應
9.4 復閤生物材料生物醫學應用
9.4.1 骨摺修復
9.4.1.1 接骨闆和接骨螺釘
9.4.2 關節置換術
9.4.2.1 全髖關節置換術
9.4.3 骨移植材料
9.4.4 牙科應用
9.4.4.1 牙齒修復材料
9.4.4.2 牙科根管樁
9.4.4.3 牙科正畸弓絲和托槽
9.5 納米復閤材料的發展
9.6 納米復閤物:新一類納米材料
9.7 傳統納米復閤物
9.8 仿生納米復閤物
9.9 組織工程納米復閤物
9.10 納米復閤物用於輸送生長因子
9.11 小結
術語錶
參考文獻
10 應用於組織再生的納米生物材料
10.1 引言
10.2 組織工程的概念
10.3 乾細胞的美好願景
10.3.1 間充質乾細胞
10.4 納米生物材料:新一代支架材料
10.5 支架的特徵
10.6 支架材料的類型
10.6.1 陶瓷類納米生物材料
10.6.2 聚閤物類納米生物材料
10.7 納米生物材料用於支架設計
10.8 組織工程陶瓷納米生物材料
10.9 組織工程聚閤物納米生物材料
10.10 應用於細胞工程的生物材料模闆
10.10.1 化學模闆
10.10.1.1 微接觸印刷式模闆
10.10.2 拓撲圖形模闆
10.10.2.1 納米壓痕平版印刷術
10.11 組織工程産品:人工皮膚和人工軟骨
10.12 案例研究
10.13 小結
術語錶
參考文獻
索引

精彩書摘

1
Overview of Biomaterials
1.1 Introduction
Human life is invaluable; however, quality and survival of life is greatly
affected by numerous factors, including medical complications caused by
diseased, damaged, or aged tissues or organs. These circumstances often call
for surgical treatments to repair, replace, maintain, or augment the functions
of affected tissues or organs using some additional functional components.
Traditionally, they have been treated with the help of tissues or organs procured
from patients or donors. Depending on the location of reimplantation
of the procured tissue (also known as graft), they are termed autograft,
allograft, or xenograft (see Figure 1.1).
If the graft is implanted in the same patient, it is termed autograft and if
it is placed in another individual of the same species, it is termed allograft.
If the graft is placed in another species (e.g., bone from animal to human),
then it is termed xenograft. Among them, autograft is considered the gold
standard and has been used for a long time with good clinical results, but
the supply of autograft is limited. In addition, allograft and xenograft are
not much preferred because of the possibility of pathogen transfer and graft
rejection. Furthermore, tissue/organ procurement is complex, expensive, and
requires additional surgery. As an alternative, attention has been focused on
the use of synthetic material that holds the ability to repair or restore the
functions of a defective system into a normal healthy system upon implantation,
which is termed alloplastic graft. The synthetic material used for this
purpose is called biomaterial. The biomaterial is used either as such or to
manufacture implantable devices or prostheses; some of them are illustrated
in Figure 1.2.
Currently, there are many definitions for the term “biomaterial,” depending
on the user’s own verdict. Biomaterial by definition is a substance or a combination
of substances, other than drugs, derived either from natural or synthetic
origin, which can be used for any period of time as a whole or as a part
of the system that treats, augments, or replaces any tissue, organ, or function
of the body (Williams 1987). Later, Black (1992) defined the term biomaterial
as a material of natural or manmade origin that is used to direct, supplement,
or replace the functions of living tissues of the human body. A biomaterial
is delineated, according to authors’ own description, as any material that
is used for repairing or restoring the functionality of a defective biological
system into a normal healthy system.
The field “biomaterials science and engineering” is a multidisciplinary
theme that essentially coalesces materials science and engineering with
biomedical sciences for the invention of new health-care systems. Since it
is a multidisciplinary field, many experts, in particular materials scientists
and engineers, mechanical engineers, physicists, chemists, biologists, and
clinicians must work together for its continuous development. It has also
witnessed
stable growth over about half a century of existence with the major
contribution from these experts. However, further research and development
is directed at the design and fabrication of novel biomaterials that hold the
features and properties analogous to natural tissues or organs. In the following
section, some imperative successes that have come in the biomaterials
field are provided.
1.2 Biomaterials: From Then to Now
The use of biomaterials to repair human body parts is not new, dating far back
into ancient civilizations. The Egyptians used linen as a suture for wound
closure in around 2000 BC. They also used elephant’s tusks, walrus teeth,
and some kinds of wood to replace bone or missing teeth (Williams and
Cunninghan 1979). Substitution of bone parts in the human body was also
carried
out at that time using copper, but the implant was not successful due
to the effect of copper ion poisoning. As per historical evidence,
the Indians
and the Chinese used waxes, glues, and tissues in reconstructing defective
parts of the human body. It was stated in the Vedic period (1800?1500 BC) of
the ancient Indian literature that artificial legs, eyes, and teeth were used. In
those days, Hindu surgeons performed surgery using autogeneous tissues
for restoring missing parts. Around 600 BC, Sushruta repaired an injured
nose with a patch of living flesh taken from the region of the cheek (Bhat
2002). Around 200 BC, the Greek literature pointed out the use of metals
(e.g., 生物材料：納米方法（導讀版） [Biomaterials:A Nano Approach] 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書

生物材料：納米方法（導讀版） [Biomaterials:A Nano Approach] pdf epub mobi txt 電子書下載

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