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　　《語用學》一書作者對語用學與句法學以及語義學的界麵進行研究，為我們展現齣瞭一幅比較完整的語用學研究圖景。全書『見解獨到、內容新穎，是一部優秀的語用學教科書。《語用學》作者黃衍早年留學英國，師從著名語用學傢Stephell C.Levinson，獲劍橋大學博士學位，後冉獲牛津大學博士學位，並曾在這兩所人學及雷丁大學執教。黃衍現為新西蘭奧剋蘭久學語言學及應用語言學係教授。

目錄

Preface
Acknowledgements
Symbols and abbreviations
1. Introduction
1.1. What is pragmatics?
1.1.1. Adefinition
1.1.2. A brief history of pragmatics
1.1.3. Two main schools of thought in pragmatics： Anglo-American versus European Continental
1.2. Why pragmatics?
1.2.1. Linguistic underdeterminacy
1.2.2. Simplification of semantics and syntax
1.3. Some basic notions in semantics and pragmatics
1.3.1. Sentence， utterance， proposition
1.3.2. Context
1.3.3. Truth value， truth condition， entailment
1.4. Organization of the book
Key concepts
Exercises and essay questions
Further readings

Part Ⅰ Central topics in pragmatics
2. Implicature
2.1. Classical Gricean theory of conversational implicature
2.1.1. The co-operative principle and the maxims of conversation
2.1.2. Relationship between the speaker and the maxims
2.1.3. Conversational implicatureo versus conversational implicature
2.1.4. Generalized versus particularized conversational implicature
2.1.5. Properties of conversational implicature
2.2. Two neo-Gricean pragmatic theories of conversational implicature
2.2.1. The Hornian system
2.2.2. The Levinsonian system
2.3. Conventional implicature
2.3.1. What is conventional implicature?
2.3.2. Properties of conventional implicature
2.4. Summary
Key concepts
Exercises and essay questions
Further readings

3. Presupposition
3.1. What is presupposition?
3.2. Properties of presupposition
3.2.1. Constancy under negation
3.2.2. Defeasibility
3.2.3. The projection problem
3.3. Analyses
3.3.1. The filtering-satisfaction analysis
3.3.2. The cancellation analysis
3.3.3. The accommodation analysis
3.4. Summary
Key concepts
Exercises and essay questions
Further readings

4. Speech acts
4.1. Performativesversus constatives
4.1.1. The performative/constative dichotomy
4.1.2. The performative hypothesis
4.2. Austins felicity conditions on performatives
4.3. Locutionary， illocutionary， and perlocutionary speech acts
4.4. Searles felicity conditions on speech acts
4.5. Searles typology of speech acts
4.6. Indirect speech acts
4.6.1. What is an indirect speech act?
4.6.2. How is an indirect speech act analysed?
4.6.3. Why is an indirect speech act used? Some remarks on politeness
4.7. Speech acts and culture
4.7.1. Cross-cultural variation
4.7.2. Interlanguage variation
4.8. Summary
Key concepts
Exercises and essay questions
Further readings

5. Deixis
5.1. Preliminaries
5.1.1. Deictic versus non-deictic expression
5.1.2. Gestural versus symbolic use of a deictic expression
5.1.3. Deictic centre and deictic projection
5.2. Basic categories of deixis
5.2.1. Person deixis
5.2.2. Time deixis
5.2.3. Space deixis
5.3 Other categories of deixis
5.3.1. Social deixis
5.3.2. Discourse deixis
5.4. Summary
Key concepts
Exercises and essay questions
Further readings

Part Ⅱ Pragmatics and its interfaces
6. Pragmatics and cognition： relevance theory
6.1. Relevance
6.1.1. The cognitive principle of relevance
6.1.2. The communicative principle of relevance
6.2. Explicature， implicature， and conceptual versus procedural meaning
6.2.1. Grice： what is said versus what is implicated
6.2.2. Explicature
6.2.3. Implicature
6.2.4. Conceptual versus procedural meaning
6.3. From Fodorian central process to submodule of theory of mind
6.3.1. Fodorian theory of cognitive modularity
6.3.2. Sperber and Wilsons earlier position： pragmatics as Fodorian central process
6.3.3. Sperber and Wilsons current position： pragmatics as submodule oftheory of mind
6.4. Relevance theory compared with classical/neo-Gricean theory
6.5. Summary
Key concepts
Exercises and essay questions
Further readings

7. Pragmatics and semantics
7.1. Reductionism versus complementarism
7.2. Drawing the semantics-pragmatics distinction
7.2.1. Truth-conditional versus non-truth-conditional meaning
7.2.2. Conventional versus non-conventional meaning
7.2.3. Context independence versus context dependence
7.3. Pragmatic intrusion into what is said and the semantics-pragmatics interface
7.3.1. Grice： what is said versus what is implicated revisited
7.3.2. Relevance theorists： explicature
7.3.3. Recanati： the pragmatically enriched said
7.3.4. Bach： conversational impliciture
7.3.5. Can explicature/the pragmatically enriched said/impliciture be distinguished from implicature?
7.3.6. Levinson： conversational implicature
7.3.7. The five analyses compared
7.4. Summary
Key concepts
Exercises and essay questions
Further readings

8. Pragmatics and syntax
8.1. Chomskys views about language and linguistics
8.2. Chomskys binding theory
8.3. Problems for Chomskys binding theory
8.3.1. Binding condition A
8.3.2. Binding condition B
8.3.3. Complementarity between anaphors and pronominals
8.3.4. Binding condition C
8.4 A revised neo-Gricean pragmatic theory of anaphora
8.4.1. The general pattern of anaphora
8.4.2. A revised neo-Gricean pragmatic apparatus for anaphora
8.4.3. The binding patterns
8.4.4. Beyond the binding patterns
8.4.5. Logophoricity and emphaticness/contrastiveness
8.5. Theoretical implications
8.6. Summary
Key concepts
Exercises and essay questions
Further readings
Glossary
References
Suggested solutions to exercises
Index of names
Index of languages， language families， and language areas
Index of subjects

精彩書摘

　　1.1.3. Two main schools of thought in pragmatics:
　　Anglo-American versus European ContinentalAs pointed out in Huang （2001a）, two main schools of thought can beidentified in contemporary pragmatics: Anglo-American and EuropeanContinental. Within the former conception of linguistics and the philoso-phy of language, pragmatics is defined as the systematic study of meaningby virtue of, or dependent on, language use. The central topics of inquiryinclude implicature, presupposition, speech acts, and deixis （see 1.1 above）.This is known as the component view of pragrnatics, namely, the view thatpragmatics should be treated as a core component of a theory of language,on a par with phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics.By contrast, other areas such as anthropological linguistics, applied lin-guistics, and psycholinguistics would lie outside this set of core compon-ents. Within the Continental tradition, pragmatics is defined in a farbroader way, encompassing much that goes under the rubric of sociolin-guistics, psycholinguistics, and discourse analysis. Witness, for example,Verschuerens （1999: 7, 11） definition that pragmatics constitutes a generalfunctional （i.e. cognitive, social and cultural） perspective on linguisticphenomena in relation to their usage in the form of behaviour. Thisrepresents the perspective view of pragmatics, namely, the view that prag-matics should be taken as presenting a functional perspective on everyaspect of linguistic behaviour. More or less the same is true of the definitionof pragmatics provided within the former Soviet and East European trad-ition. Under this approach, pragmatics （called pragmalinguistics） is ingeneral conceived of as a theory of linguistic communication, includinghow to influence people through verbal messages （Prucha 1983）.

前言/序言

　　The aim of this book is to provide an authoritative， up-to-date， and yetaccessible introduction to contemporary linguistic pragrnatics.
　　In contemporary pragmatics， two main schools of thought can be iden-tified： Anglo-American and European Continental. Within the formerconception of linguistics and the philosophy of language， pragrnatics isdefined as the systematic study of meaning by virtue of， or dependent on，language use. The central topics of inquiry include implicature， presuppos-ition， speech acts， and deixis. This is known as the component view ofpragmatics， namely， the view that pragmatics should be treated as a corecomponent of a theory of language， on a par with phonetics， phonology，morphology， syntax， and semantics. By contrast， other areas such asanthropological linguistics， applied linguistics， and psycholinguisticswould lie outside this set of core components. Within the Continentaltradition， pragmatics is defined in a far broader way， encompassing muchthat goes under the rubric of， say， sociolinguistics， psycholinguistics， anddiscourse 語用學 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書

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雖然迄今為止，語言學界對語用學的定義和範疇尚沒有統一的見解，但卻有一種共識，即“語境是語用學的核心概念之一”。是一門專門研究語境在交際過程中的作用的新學科。人們的正常語言交流總離不開特定的語境，“這裏的語境包括交際的場閤（時間、地點等），交際的性質（話題），交際的參與者（相互間的關係、對客觀世界的認識和信念、過去的經驗、當時的情緒等）以及上下文。語境直接影響著人們對話語的理解和使用”（金定元，1992:171）。換言之，要判斷某些具體的言語行為是否得體須依據其使用的語境，離開瞭語境就使判斷本身失真或失去意義。

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