The Theology of Liberalism

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Eric Nelson
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具体描述

We think of modern liberalism as the novel product of a world reinvented on a secular basis after 1945. In The Theology of Liberalism, one of the country's most important political theorists argues that we could hardly be more wrong. Eric Nelson contends that the tradition of liberal political philosophy founded by John Rawls is, however unwittingly, the product of ancient theological debates about justice and evil. Once we understand this, he suggests, we can recognize the deep incoherence of various forms of liberal political philosophy that have emerged in Rawls's wake.

Nelson starts by noting that today's liberal political philosophers treat the unequal distribution of social and natural advantages as morally arbitrary. This arbitrariness, they claim, diminishes our moral responsibility for our actions. Some even argue that we are not morally responsible when our own choices and efforts produce inequalities. In defending such views, Nelson writes, modern liberals have implicitly taken up positions in an age-old debate about whether the nature of the created world is consistent with the justice of God. Strikingly, their commitments diverge sharply from those of their proto-liberal predecessors, who rejected the notion of moral arbitrariness in favor of what was called Pelagianism--the view that beings created and judged by a just God must be capable of freedom and merit. Nelson reconstructs this earlier "liberal" position and shows that Rawls's philosophy derived from his self-conscious repudiation of Pelagianism. In closing, Nelson sketches a way out of the argumentative maze for liberals who wish to emerge with commitments to freedom and equality intact.

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##既能写早期近代思想史(联系古希腊源流),又能写美国建国思想史,现在还展示了和当代罗尔斯派斗智的笔力,这位老哥果真是全能型的奇才。但目前为止还没有看出他提出了什么建构性的方案。比如这本书,讲了很多不同层次的问题,批判罗尔斯egalitarianism也很到位,但最终也不太清楚他到底有什么积极建议。最后两面似乎表达了他的一种共和主义民主理论的主张:民主代表制原则优先于分配正义原则?这对当代自由派意味着一条什么样的出路呢?

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##既能写早期近代思想史(联系古希腊源流),又能写美国建国思想史,现在还展示了和当代罗尔斯派斗智的笔力,这位老哥果真是全能型的奇才。但目前为止还没有看出他提出了什么建构性的方案。比如这本书,讲了很多不同层次的问题,批判罗尔斯egalitarianism也很到位,但最终也不太清楚他到底有什么积极建议。最后两面似乎表达了他的一种共和主义民主理论的主张:民主代表制原则优先于分配正义原则?这对当代自由派意味着一条什么样的出路呢?

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##序言有点被尼尔森圈粉。他的两个努力方向我都完全认同,就是不知道具体展开能做到多少哈哈哈哈哈哈。读完了前两章关于经典自由主义和佩拉鸠派关系的思想史梳理(学到了很多…),重点处理了霍布斯和洛克(强调了洛克在佩拉鸠的授权代表而非相似性代表脉络下为议会辩护的困难),对于佩拉鸠主义我也不了解,但至少按照作者的定义,我觉得他将卢梭放到这个佩拉鸠-自由主义传统肯定是不准确的哈哈哈。全书重点处理的罗尔斯没看,目的还是缓和自由和平等之间的紧张,并希望通过从theodicy重新理解代表和政治权威问题(代表概念是关键),从而展望一种基于自由(而非平地而起的分配正义)的平等主义。

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##不怎么认同Nelson的论证,但是他让我弄清楚了罗尔斯对我最根本的吸引力在哪里。

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##序言有点被尼尔森圈粉。他的两个努力方向我都完全认同,就是不知道具体展开能做到多少哈哈哈哈哈哈。读完了前两章关于经典自由主义和佩拉鸠派关系的思想史梳理(学到了很多…),重点处理了霍布斯和洛克(强调了洛克在佩拉鸠的授权代表而非相似性代表脉络下为议会辩护的困难),对于佩拉鸠主义我也不了解,但至少按照作者的定义,我觉得他将卢梭放到这个佩拉鸠-自由主义传统肯定是不准确的哈哈哈。全书重点处理的罗尔斯没看,目的还是缓和自由和平等之间的紧张,并希望通过从theodicy重新理解代表和政治权威问题(代表概念是关键),从而展望一种基于自由(而非平地而起的分配正义)的平等主义。

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