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內容簡介

　　 《西方語言學與應用語言學視野：語義關係與詞庫》主要討論詞匯之間的多種聚閤語義關係.如同義關係、反義關係、上下義關係，以及這些關係與我們心理詞匯結構的關係。作者提齣瞭一個研究語義關係的語用學方法，認為聚閤關係構成元語言知識，可以通過一個單一的關係原則生成，並且可以作為我們對詞的概念錶徵而存儲。《西方語言學與應用語言學視野：語義關係與詞庫》分為兩個部分：第一部分講述作者提齣的方法如何對詞匯關係的特徵作齣解釋；第二部分則詳細地考察瞭各種語義關係。對於研究和學習語言學及認知科學，並且關注詞匯的心理錶徵的學者來說，《西方語言學與應用語言學視野：語義關係與詞庫》是一本信息豐富的工具書。

作者簡介

墨菲（M.Lynne Murphy），英國蘇塞剋斯大學（University of Sussex）的語言學與英語講師，研究興趣為：心理詞庫的結構、可分級的形容詞意義，以及關於社會群體名稱語義發展的心理社會製約等。

內頁插圖

目錄

《西方語言學視野》總序
《語義關係與詞庫》導讀
英文目錄
緻謝
符號與字體凡例
第一部分：聚閤關係概論
第1章 為什麼要討論詞匯關係？
1.1 語義關係研究方法
1.2 語義關係：一些相關定義
1.3 心理詞庫是什麼？
1.4 詞、概念和關於詞的概念
1.5 小結和下麵的內容概覽
第2章 研究語義關係的語用方法
2.1 語義關係的性質
2.2 語義相關性屬於元語言知識
2.3 元詞匯處理方法的蘊含
2.4 小結
第3章 其他研究方法
3.1 不同學科對詞匯關係的興趣
3.2 關係的派生觀：詞典模式
3.3 意義之外的關係：詞典／匯編模式
3.4 關係的初始觀：語義假定
3.5 詞匯關係的概念狀態
3.6 小結和下麵的內容概覽

第二部分：聚閤關係專論
第4章 同義關係與相似性
4.1 同義詞的語用研究法
4.2 意義的不同方麵和同義詞的下位類
4.3 以往討論到的同義聚閤的性質
4.4 同義關係對詞匯的影響
4.5 同義關係與其他關係
4.6 小結
第5章 反義關係與對比
5.1 語義對立與對比的元詞匯處理分析方法
5.2 反義詞和對比集閤的性質
5.3 反義詞的類型
5.4 自然語言中的詞匯語義對立
5.5 結論
第6章 上下位關係、整體部分關係和其他語義關係
6.1 上下位關係
6.2 整體部分關係
6.3 其他關係
6.4 小結：在元詞匯研究方法中的不對稱關係
第7章 詞庫和元詞庫：蘊含與探索
7.1 詞庫的語義組織有必要嗎？
7.2 可行的詞庫模式是什麼？
7.3 元語言學傢前途如何？

附錄：關係要素
注釋
參考文獻
索引

精彩書摘

The second problem for the lexicon-as-dictionary metaphor is the fact that lexical items can map to many different concepts， and thus be polysemous， but there is no principled limit to a word's polysemy. A dictionary deals with polysemy by listing a small number of senses for any word in an entry， and some lexical semantic theories have treated polysemous words as having multiple senses within lexical entries （e.g.， Ullmann 1957; Katz and Fodor 1963）. So， like a dictionary， the lexical entry for horseradish might list three possible meanings: a type of plant， the vegetable that consists of the root of that plant， and a condiment made from that vegetable. But listing meanings in the lexiconis doomed to failure since， as Nunberg （1978） has argued， the number of usable senses for any lexical item is limitless. Nunberg's argument is based on the observation that different criteria for establishing reference can be invented and used within the particulars of a context - so nonce meanings are possible and not uncommon. Nunberg uses the example of jazz， but tea illustrates the point as well. Tea can refer to a drinkable herbal infusion or the prepared herbs for making such an infusion. It can also refer. to a cup- or glass-sized portion of that infusion， as in I'd like a tea， please. It can also refer particularly to a hot version of this drink （in contrast to iced tea）， but in the southern United States it refers to the iced version， in contrast to hot tea. It is also sometimes used to refer to certain types of tea （especially those with caffeine）， so that we may contrast it to others， as in I can't drink tea after supper - just herbal tea. Such conventional uses are probably countable in number， and some may be excluded from any particular English speaker's lexicon because they are not part of that person's dialect. But even within a single language user， the range of concepts that a lexical item indicates is not necessarily limited or static. For example， let us say that in South Africa I grew to like rooibos tea and that I visit Nancy in New York who asks Would you like some teal Now， knowing that Nancy has probably never heard of rooibos， I assume that when she says tea， rooibos is not a member of the set of things that she intends to refer to， so I reply， No， I don't care for tea. For the purpose of this exchange， the sense I use for tea does not include rooibos， but in another context I may refer torooibos as tea， as in The only tea I like is rooibos. I leave it to the reader to imagine other contexts in which a speaker might use a sense of tea that denotes all teas but chamomile or only peppermint tea. The point is that the category that the speaker intends to refer to with the word tea （and that the audience may identify when the speaker uses tea） shifts with the speaker's knowledge and expectations of the context. Thus， the number of possible senses of tea that may be reasonably intended and understood is limited only by the number of possible combinations of beliefs that the speaker and hearer have about the world and the situation in which the utterance is made. Thus， one cannot take an inventory of a word's senses. Instead， a word's sense in any particular on text is the result of some implicit negotiation between the members of the talk exchange along with beliefs about how that word is conventionally used.
……

前言/序言

西方語言學與應用語言學視野：語義關係與詞庫 [Semantic Relations and the Lexicon] 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書

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前半部分講研究方法，後半部分是對聚閤關係的具體研究。

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